passive Who acts: Passive, things, way, thing, Sam, Passive smoking · What happens: mean, let, happen, act, react, take · To what, where: things, you, part, way, sentence, something · Speech: someone speaks here
«passive» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: passive in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Passive means letting things happen to you without acting, reacting or taking part: «a passive audience».
The tree, 16 words nsubj xcomp obj xcomp case obl mark advcl punct conj cc conj obj punct punct det amod parataxis punct punct root Passive ADJ means VERB letting VERB things NOUN happen VERB to ADP you PRON without SCONJ acting VERB , PUNCT reacting VERB or CCONJ taking VERB part NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET passive ADJ audience NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Passive passive ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 letting let VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 3 letting obj 5 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 letting xcomp 6 to to ADP _ 7 you case 7 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 happen obl 8 without without SCONJ _ 9 acting mark 9 acting act VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 happen advcl 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 reacting punct 11 reacting react VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 acting conj 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 taking cc 13 taking take VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 acting conj 14 part part NOUN Number=Sing 13 taking obj 15 : : PUNCT _ 19 audience punct 16 « « PUNCT _ 19 audience punct 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 audience det 18 passive passive ADJ Degree=Pos 19 audience amod 19 audience audience NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 20 » » PUNCT _ 19 audience punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Passive vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 let not said to happen gerund Passive not said here things tree rules 3 happen infinitive things not said here you vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 act gerund things not said here vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 react gerund things not said here vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent 6 take gerund things not said here part vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.
The passive, or passive voice, is a way of making a sentence where the thing that something is done to comes first: «The window was broken by Sam», instead of the active «Sam broke the window».
The tree, 36 words det nsubj punct cc amod nsubj punct cop det mark acl det obj advmod det nsubj mark nsubj aux:pass acl:relcl obl acl:relcl advmod punct punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass parataxis case obl punct punct case fixed det conj punct nsubj ccomp det obj punct punct root The DET passive ADJ , PUNCT or CCONJ passive ADJ voice NOUN , PUNCT is AUX a DET way NOUN of SCONJ making VERB a DET sentence NOUN where ADV the DET thing NOUN that SCONJ something PRON is AUX done VERB to ADP comes VERB first ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET window NOUN was AUX broken VERB by ADP Sam PROPN » PUNCT , PUNCT instead ADV of ADP the DET active ADJ « PUNCT Sam PROPN broke VERB the DET window NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 passive det 2 passive passive ADJ Degree=Pos 10 way nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 10 way punct 4 or or CCONJ _ 10 way cc 5 passive passive ADJ Degree=Pos 6 voice amod 6 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 10 way nsubj 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 voice punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 way cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 way det 10 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 of of SCONJ _ 12 making mark 12 making make VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 way acl 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 sentence det 14 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 12 making obj 15 where where ADV PronType=Rel 23 comes advmod 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 thing det 17 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 23 comes nsubj 18 that that SCONJ _ 21 done mark 19 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 21 done nsubj 20 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 done aux:pass 21 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 17 thing acl:relcl 22 to to ADP _ 21 done obl 23 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 sentence acl:relcl 24 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 23 comes advmod 25 : : PUNCT _ 30 broken punct 26 « « PUNCT _ 30 broken punct 27 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 window det 28 window window NOUN Number=Sing 30 broken nsubj:pass 29 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 30 broken aux:pass 30 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 way parataxis 31 by by ADP _ 32 Sam case 32 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 30 broken obl 33 » » PUNCT _ 30 broken punct 34 , , PUNCT _ 38 active punct 35 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 38 active case 36 of of ADP _ 35 instead fixed 37 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 38 active det 38 active active ADJ Degree=Pos 30 broken conj 39 « « PUNCT _ 41 broke punct 40 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 41 broke nsubj 41 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 38 active ccomp 42 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 43 window det 43 window window NOUN Number=Sing 41 broke obj 44 » » PUNCT _ 41 broke punct 45 . . PUNCT _ 10 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the passive a way tree rules 2 make gerund a way not said here a sentence vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sentence=Product 3 do present · passive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality 4 come present the thing first property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 break in a quote past · passive Sam the window vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Patient 6 break in a quote past Sam the window vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer window=Patient
Meaning 3 Passive smoking means breathing in smoke from other people's cigarettes.
amod nsubj ccomp case obl case amod nmod:poss case obl punct root Passive ADJ smoking NOUN means VERB breathing VERB in ADP smoke NOUN from ADP other ADJ people NOUN 's PART cigarettes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Passive passive ADJ Degree=Pos 2 smoking amod 2 smoking smoking NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 breathing breathe VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 means ccomp 5 in in ADP _ 6 smoke case 6 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 4 breathing obl 7 from from ADP _ 11 cigarettes case 8 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 9 people amod 9 people people NOUN Number=Plur 11 cigarettes nmod:poss 10 's 's PART _ 9 people case 11 cigarettes cigarette NOUN Number=Plur 4 breathing obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Passive smoking vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 breathe gerund smoke from other people's cigarettes vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
Passive means working without extra power or effort, like a «passive house» that stays warm with no heaters.
The tree, 18 words nsubj xcomp case amod obl cc conj punct case det punct amod obl punct nsubj acl:relcl xcomp case det obl punct root Passive ADJ means VERB working VERB without ADP extra ADJ power NOUN or CCONJ effort NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET « PUNCT passive ADJ house NOUN » PUNCT that PRON stays VERB warm ADJ with ADP no DET heaters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Passive passive ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 working work VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 without without ADP _ 6 power case 5 extra extra ADJ Degree=Pos 6 power amod 6 power power NOUN Number=Sing 3 working obl 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 effort cc 8 effort effort NOUN Number=Sing 6 power conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 14 house punct 10 like like ADP _ 14 house case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 house det 12 « « PUNCT _ 14 house punct 13 passive passive ADJ Degree=Pos 14 house amod 14 house house NOUN Number=Sing 3 working obl 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 house punct 16 that that PRON PronType=Rel 17 stays nsubj 17 stays stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 house acl:relcl 18 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 17 stays xcomp 19 with with ADP _ 21 heaters case 20 no no DET PronType=Neg 21 heaters det 21 heaters heater NOUN Number=Plur 17 stays obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Passive vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 work not said to happen gerund Passive not said here without extra power or effort; like a passive house vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 stay present a passive house with no heaters; warm property vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with heater=Location
Example 1 «The cake was eaten by the dog» is in the passive.
punct det nsubj aux:pass parataxis case det obl:agent punct cop case det punct root « PUNCT The DET cake NOUN was AUX eaten VERB by ADP the DET dog NOUN » PUNCT is AUX in ADP the DET passive NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 eaten punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 cake det 3 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 5 eaten nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 eaten aux:pass 5 eaten eat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 passive parataxis 6 by by ADP _ 8 dog case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 dog det 8 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 5 eaten obl:agent 9 » » PUNCT _ 5 eaten punct 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 passive cop 11 in in ADP _ 13 passive case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 passive det 13 passive passive NOUN Number=Sing root root 14 . . PUNCT _ 13 passive punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat in a quote past · passive the dog the cake vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient 2 is present the passive tree rules
Example 2 Rewrite the sentence in the passive voice.
det obj case det amod obl punct root Rewrite VERB the DET sentence NOUN in ADP the DET passive ADJ voice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rewrite rewrite VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 sentence det 3 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 1 Rewrite obj 4 in in ADP _ 7 voice case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 voice det 6 passive passive ADJ Degree=Pos 7 voice amod 7 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 1 Rewrite obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Rewrite punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rewrite imperative you not said here the sentence the passive voice tree rules
Example 3 In science reports we write «The water was heated».
case compound obl nsubj punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass ccomp punct punct root In ADP science NOUN reports NOUN we PRON write VERB « PUNCT The DET water NOUN was AUX heated VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 reports case 2 science science NOUN Number=Sing 3 reports compound 3 reports report NOUN Number=Plur 5 write obl 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 write nsubj 5 write write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 « « PUNCT _ 10 heated punct 7 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 water det 8 water water NOUN Number=Sing 10 heated nsubj:pass 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 heated aux:pass 10 heated heat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 write ccomp 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 heated punct 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write present we science reports vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 heat in a quote past · passive the water vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
Example 4 Don't just be passive — join in the discussion!
advmod advmod cop advcl punct conj case det obl punct root Do VERB n't PART just ADV be AUX passive ADJ — PUNCT join VERB in ADP the DET discussion NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 1 Do advmod 3 just just ADV _ 5 passive advmod 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 passive cop 5 passive passive ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Do advcl 6 — - PUNCT _ 7 join punct 7 join join VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Do conj 8 in in ADP _ 10 discussion case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 discussion det 10 discussion discussion NOUN Number=Sing 7 join obl 11 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not do imperative you not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is infinitive you not said here passive property tree rules 3 join infinitive you not said here in the discussion vn cooperate-73.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in discussion=Theme
Example 5 Passive smoking can harm children's lungs.
amod nsubj aux nmod:poss case obj punct root Passive ADJ smoking NOUN can AUX harm VERB children NOUN 's PART lungs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Passive passive ADJ Degree=Pos 2 smoking amod 2 smoking smoking NOUN Number=Sing 4 harm nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 harm aux 4 harm harm VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 children child NOUN Number=Plur 7 lungs nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 children case 7 lungs lung NOUN Number=Plur 4 harm obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 harm punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 harm can Passive smoking children's lungs vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus lung=Experiencer
Example 6 She gave a passive-aggressive smile and said «Fine».
nsubj det amod punct amod obj cc conj punct obj punct punct root She PRON gave VERB a DET passive ADJ - PUNCT aggressive ADJ smile NOUN and CCONJ said VERB « PUNCT Fine ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 smile det 4 passive passive ADJ Degree=Pos 6 aggressive amod 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 passive punct 6 aggressive aggressive ADJ Degree=Pos 7 smile amod 7 smile smile NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obj 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 said cc 9 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 gave conj 10 « « PUNCT _ 11 Fine punct 11 Fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 9 said obj 12 » » PUNCT _ 11 Fine punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past She a aggressive smile vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smile=Theme 2 say speech: assert past She not said here Fine vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent fine=Topic
Example 7 Watching TV is passive; building a model is active.
csubj obj cop punct csubj det obj cop parataxis punct root Watching VERB TV NOUN is AUX passive ADJ ; PUNCT building VERB a DET model NOUN is AUX active ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Watching watch VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 passive csubj 2 TV TV NOUN Number=Sing 1 Watching obj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 passive cop 4 passive passive ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 6 building punct 6 building build VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 active csubj 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 model det 8 model model NOUN Number=Sing 6 building obj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 active cop 10 active active ADJ Degree=Pos 4 passive parataxis 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 passive punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 watch gerund TV vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tv=Theme 2 is present Watching passive property tree rules 3 build gerund a model vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset model=Product 4 is present building active property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous passionatelynext → passover↑ back to P in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/passive/