pasta Who acts: Pasta, We, you, Mum, favourite, little water · What happens: be, make, boil, eat, mean, have · To what, where: food, flour, shapes, dish, pasta, Spaghetti kinds
«pasta» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pasta in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Pasta is a food made from flour, water and sometimes egg, made into shapes like spaghetti, macaroni or penne and boiled before eating.
The tree, 23 words nsubj cop det acl case obl punct conj cc advmod conj punct parataxis case obl case nmod punct conj cc conj cc conj mark advcl punct root Pasta NOUN is AUX a DET food NOUN made VERB from ADP flour NOUN , PUNCT water NOUN and CCONJ sometimes ADV egg NOUN , PUNCT made VERB into ADP shapes NOUN like ADP spaghetti NOUN , PUNCT macaroni NOUN or CCONJ penne NOUN and CCONJ boiled VERB before SCONJ eating VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pasta pasta NOUN Number=Sing 4 food nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 food cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 food det 4 food food NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 food acl 6 from from ADP _ 7 flour case 7 flour flour NOUN Number=Sing 5 made obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 water punct 9 water water NOUN Number=Sing 7 flour conj 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 egg cc 11 sometimes sometimes ADV PronType=Ind 12 egg advmod 12 egg egg NOUN Number=Sing 7 flour conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 made punct 14 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 food parataxis 15 into into ADP _ 16 shapes case 16 shapes shape NOUN Number=Plur 14 made obl 17 like like ADP _ 18 spaghetti case 18 spaghetti spaghetti NOUN Number=Sing 16 shapes nmod 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 macaroni punct 20 macaroni macaroni NOUN Number=Sing 18 spaghetti conj 21 or or CCONJ _ 22 penne cc 22 penne penne NOUN Number=Sing 18 spaghetti conj 23 and and CCONJ _ 24 boiled cc 24 boiled boil VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 made conj 25 before before SCONJ _ 26 eating mark 26 eating eat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 24 boiled advcl 27 . . PUNCT _ 4 food punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Pasta a food tree rules 2 make participle a food not said here flour and water and egg vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from flour=Material 3 make participle shapes like spaghetti and macaroni or penne vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent into shape=Product 4 boil participle vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 5 eat gerund vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A pasta can also mean a dish made with pasta, like a pasta bake.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj aux advmod det obj acl case obl punct case det compound obl punct root A DET pasta NOUN can AUX also ADV mean VERB a DET dish NOUN made VERB with ADP pasta NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET pasta NOUN bake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pasta det 2 pasta pasta NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 mean aux 4 also also ADV _ 5 mean advmod 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 dish det 7 dish dish NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean obj 8 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 dish acl 9 with with ADP _ 10 pasta case 10 pasta pasta NOUN Number=Sing 8 made obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 bake punct 12 like like ADP _ 15 bake case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 bake det 14 pasta pasta NOUN Number=Sing 15 bake compound 15 bake bake NOUN Number=Sing 8 made obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can a pasta a dish vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dish=Topic 2 make participle a dish not said here with pasta; like a pasta bake vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
Example 1 We had pasta with tomato sauce for dinner.
nsubj obj case compound obl case nmod punct root We PRON had VERB pasta NOUN with ADP tomato NOUN sauce NOUN for ADP dinner NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 pasta pasta NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 4 with with ADP _ 6 sauce case 5 tomato tomato NOUN Number=Sing 6 sauce compound 6 sauce sauce NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obl 7 for for ADP _ 8 dinner case 8 dinner dinner NOUN Number=Sing 6 sauce nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past We pasta with tomato sauce for dinner vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pasta=Patient
Example 2 Spaghetti and macaroni are kinds of pasta.
compound cc conj cop case nmod punct root Spaghetti NOUN and CCONJ macaroni NOUN are AUX kinds NOUN of ADP pasta NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spaghetti spaghetti NOUN Number=Sing 5 kinds compound 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 macaroni cc 3 macaroni macaroni NOUN Number=Sing 1 Spaghetti conj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 kinds cop 5 kinds kind NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 pasta case 7 pasta pasta NOUN Number=Sing 5 kinds nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 kinds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Spaghetti kinds of pasta tree rules
Example 3 Pasta grows soft when you boil it.
nsubj xcomp advmod nsubj advcl obj punct root Pasta NOUN grows VERB soft ADJ when ADV you PRON boil VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pasta pasta NOUN Number=Sing 2 grows nsubj 2 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 2 grows xcomp 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 boil advmod 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 boil nsubj 6 boil boil VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 grows advcl 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 boil obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 grows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Pasta soft property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 boil present you Pasta vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Example 4 Mum drained the pasta in the sink.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root Mum NOUN drained VERB the DET pasta NOUN in ADP the DET sink NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 drained nsubj 2 drained drain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 pasta det 4 pasta pasta NOUN Number=Sing 2 drained obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 sink case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sink det 7 sink sink NOUN Number=Sing 2 drained obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 drained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drain past Mum the pasta the sink vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent pasta=Source
Example 5 We counted dried pasta shapes in maths.
nsubj aux:pass compound obj case obl punct root We PRON counted VERB dried VERB pasta NOUN shapes NOUN in ADP maths NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 dried nsubj 2 counted count VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 dried aux:pass 3 dried dry VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 pasta pasta NOUN Number=Sing 5 shapes compound 5 shapes shape NOUN Number=Plur 3 dried obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 maths case 7 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 3 dried obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 dried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dry past · passive We maths tree rules
Example 6 My favourite is cheesy pasta bake.
nmod:poss nsubj cop amod compound punct root My PRON favourite NOUN is AUX cheesy ADJ pasta NOUN bake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 favourite nmod:poss 2 favourite favourite NOUN Number=Sing 6 bake nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 bake cop 4 cheesy cheesy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 bake amod 5 pasta pasta NOUN Number=Sing 6 bake compound 6 bake bake NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 bake punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present My favourite cheesy pasta bake tree rules
Example 7 Pasta is a good source of energy.
nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct root Pasta NOUN is AUX a DET good ADJ source NOUN of ADP energy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pasta pasta NOUN Number=Sing 5 source nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 source cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 source det 4 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 5 source amod 5 source source NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 energy case 7 energy energy NOUN Number=Sing 5 source nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 source punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Pasta a good source of energy tree rules
Example 8 The pasta stuck together because there was too little water.
det acl advmod mark expl advcl advmod amod nsubj punct root The DET pasta NOUN stuck VERB together ADV because SCONJ there PRON was VERB too ADV little ADJ water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pasta det 2 pasta pasta NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 stuck stick VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 pasta acl 4 together together ADV _ 3 stuck advmod 5 because because SCONJ _ 7 was mark 6 there there PRON PronType=Dem 7 was expl 7 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 stuck advcl 8 too too ADV _ 9 little advmod 9 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 10 water amod 10 water water NOUN Number=Sing 7 was nsubj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 pasta punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stick together participle the pasta not said here together property vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient 2 be past little water there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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