pastry Who acts: pastry, baker, He, many more pastries, I, you · What happens: bake, be, make, use, sell, leave · To what, where: small baked sweet food, dough, fat, 140 pastries, 103 pastries, many pastries · Speech: someone speaks here
«pastry» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pastry in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A pastry is a small baked sweet food made with dough, like a croissant, a Danish or a tart.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det amod amod amod acl case obl punct case det obl punct det parataxis cc det conj punct root A DET pastry NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ baked VERB sweet ADJ food NOUN made VERB with ADP dough NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET croissant NOUN , PUNCT a DET Danish ADJ or CCONJ a DET tart NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pastry det 2 pastry pastry NOUN Number=Sing 8 food nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 food cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 food det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 8 food amod 6 baked bake VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 food amod 7 sweet sweet ADJ Degree=Pos 8 food amod 8 food food NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 food acl 10 with with ADP _ 11 dough case 11 dough dough NOUN Number=Sing 9 made obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 croissant punct 13 like like ADP _ 15 croissant case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 croissant det 15 croissant croissant NOUN Number=Sing 9 made obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 Danish punct 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 Danish det 18 Danish danish ADJ Degree=Pos 8 food parataxis 19 or or CCONJ _ 21 tart cc 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 tart det 21 tart tart NOUN Number=Sing 18 Danish conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 8 food punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bake participle vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 is a present a pastry a small baked sweet food tree rules 3 make participle a small baked sweet food not said here with dough; like a croissant vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Pastry is the dough made of flour, fat and water that is used for pies and tarts.
The tree, 17 words nsubj cop det acl case obl punct conj cc conj nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl case obl cc conj punct root Pastry NOUN is AUX the DET dough NOUN made VERB of ADP flour NOUN , PUNCT fat NOUN and CCONJ water NOUN that PRON is AUX used VERB for ADP pies NOUN and CCONJ tarts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pastry pastry NOUN Number=Sing 4 dough nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 dough cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 dough det 4 dough dough NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 dough acl 6 of of ADP _ 7 flour case 7 flour flour NOUN Number=Sing 5 made obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 fat punct 9 fat fat NOUN Number=Sing 4 dough conj 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 water cc 11 water water NOUN Number=Sing 9 fat conj 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 used nsubj:pass 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 used aux:pass 14 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 fat acl:relcl 15 for for ADP _ 16 pies case 16 pies pie NOUN Number=Plur 14 used obl 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 tarts cc 18 tarts tart NOUN Number=Plur 16 pies conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 dough punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Pastry the dough and fat and water tree rules 2 make participle the dough and fat and water not said here of flour vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 use present · passive fat and water for pies and tarts vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for pie=Eventuality
Example 1 The baker made 140 pastries.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET baker NOUN made VERB 140 NUM pastries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 baker det 2 baker baker NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 140 140 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 pastries nummod 5 pastries pastry NOUN Number=Plur 3 made obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the baker 140 pastries vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pastry=Product
Example 2 He sold 103 pastries.
nsubj nummod obj punct root He PRON sold VERB 103 NUM pastries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sold nsubj 2 sold sell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 103 103 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 pastries nummod 4 pastries pastry NOUN Number=Plur 2 sold obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 sold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sell past He 103 pastries vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pastry=Theme
Example 3 How many pastries did he have left?
advmod amod nsubj:pass aux nsubj aux punct root How ADV many ADJ pastries NOUN did AUX he PRON have AUX left VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 pastries amod 3 pastries pastry NOUN Number=Plur 7 left nsubj:pass 4 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 left aux 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 left nsubj 6 have have AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 left aux 7 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave past · perfect · passive · do-support many pastries vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 4 How many more pastries than cakes did he sell?
advmod amod amod nsubj case nmod aux nsubj punct root How ADV many ADJ more ADJ pastries NOUN than ADP cakes NOUN did AUX he PRON sell VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 4 pastries amod 3 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 pastries amod 4 pastries pastry NOUN Number=Plur 9 sell nsubj 5 than than ADP _ 6 cakes case 6 cakes cake NOUN Number=Plur 4 pastries nmod 7 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 sell aux 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 sell nsubj 9 sell sell VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 9 sell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sell past · do-support many more pastries than cakes vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent
Example 5 I had a pastry with my hot chocolate.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss amod nmod punct root I PRON had VERB a DET pastry NOUN with ADP my PRON hot ADJ chocolate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 pastry det 4 pastry pastry NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 5 with with ADP _ 8 chocolate case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 chocolate nmod:poss 7 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 8 chocolate amod 8 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 4 pastry nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past I a pastry with my hot chocolate vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pastry=Patient
Example 6 Roll the pastry out thin for the pie.
det obj compound:prt xcomp case det obl punct root Roll VERB the DET pastry NOUN out ADP thin ADJ for ADP the DET pie NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Roll roll VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 pastry det 3 pastry pastry NOUN Number=Sing 1 Roll obj 4 out out ADP _ 1 Roll compound:prt 5 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Roll xcomp 6 for for ADP _ 8 pie case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 pie det 8 pie pie NOUN Number=Sing 5 thin obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Roll punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roll out imperative you not said here the pastry thin property vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pastry=Theme
Example 7 The pastry chef makes cream puffs.
det compound nsubj compound obj punct root The DET pastry NOUN chef NOUN makes VERB cream NOUN puffs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 chef det 2 pastry pastry NOUN Number=Sing 3 chef compound 3 chef chef NOUN Number=Sing 4 makes nsubj 4 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 6 puffs compound 6 puffs puff NOUN Number=Plur 4 makes obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present the pastry chef cream puffs vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset puff=Product
Example 8 Puff pastry has lots of thin layers.
compound nsubj obj case amod nmod punct root Puff NOUN pastry NOUN has VERB lots NOUN of ADP thin ADJ layers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Puff puff NOUN Number=Sing 2 pastry compound 2 pastry pastry NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 layers case 6 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 7 layers amod 7 layers layer NOUN Number=Plur 4 lots nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Puff pastry lots of thin layers vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient
Example 9 A sausage roll is wrapped in pastry.
det compound nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root A DET sausage NOUN roll NOUN is AUX wrapped VERB in ADP pastry NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 roll det 2 sausage sausage NOUN Number=Sing 3 roll compound 3 roll roll NOUN Number=Sing 5 wrapped nsubj:pass 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 wrapped aux:pass 5 wrapped wrap VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 pastry case 7 pastry pastry NOUN Number=Sing 5 wrapped obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 wrapped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wrap present · passive a sausage roll pastry vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in pastry=Destination
Example 10 The pastry shop smelled of butter.
det compound nsubj case obl punct root The DET pastry NOUN shop NOUN smelled VERB of ADP butter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 shop det 2 pastry pastry NOUN Number=Sing 3 shop compound 3 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 4 smelled nsubj 4 smelled smell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 butter case 6 butter butter NOUN Number=Sing 4 smelled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 smelled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 smell past the pastry shop of butter vn smell_emission-43.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Location of butter=Theme
Example 11 But just as the Country Mouse was about to nibble a dainty bit of pastry, she heard a Cat mew loudly and scratch at the door.
The tree, 26 words cc advmod mark det compound nsubj cop mark xcomp det amod obj case nmod punct nsubj parataxis det nsubj ccomp advmod cc conj case det obl punct root But CCONJ just ADV as SCONJ the DET Country PROPN Mouse PROPN was AUX about ADJ to PART nibble VERB a DET dainty ADJ bit NOUN of ADP pastry NOUN , PUNCT she PRON heard VERB a DET Cat NOUN mew VERB loudly ADV and CCONJ scratch VERB at ADP the DET door NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 8 about cc 2 just just ADV _ 8 about advmod 3 as as SCONJ _ 8 about mark 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 Mouse det 5 Country Country PROPN Number=Sing 6 Mouse compound 6 Mouse Mouse PROPN Number=Sing 8 about nsubj 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 about cop 8 about about ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 to to PART _ 10 nibble mark 10 nibble nibble VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 about xcomp 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 bit det 12 dainty dainty ADJ Degree=Pos 13 bit amod 13 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 10 nibble obj 14 of of ADP _ 15 pastry case 15 pastry pastry NOUN Number=Sing 13 bit nmod 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 heard punct 17 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 heard nsubj 18 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 about parataxis 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 Cat det 20 Cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 21 mew nsubj 21 mew mew VERB VerbForm=Inf 18 heard ccomp 22 loudly loudly ADV _ 21 mew advmod 23 and and CCONJ _ 24 scratch cc 24 scratch scratch VERB VerbForm=Inf 21 mew conj 25 at at ADP _ 27 door case 26 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 27 door det 27 door door NOUN Number=Sing 24 scratch obl 28 . . PUNCT _ 8 about punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the Country Mouse about property tree rules 2 nibble to-infinitive the Country Mouse not said here a dainty bit of pastry vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bit=Patient 3 hear past Mouse vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 4 mew infinitive a Cat loudly property vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 scratch infinitive a Cat not said here at the door vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at door=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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