patina Who acts: patina, thin green layer, old wood, Statue, old church roof, wooden handrail · What happens: be, form, get, have, develop, remove · To what, where: thin green layer, copper, soft shine, that, age, thin outer look
«patina» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: patina in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A patina is a thin green or brown layer that forms on copper, bronze and some other metals over time, like on the Statue of Liberty.
The tree, 26 words det nsubj cop det amod amod cc conj nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct conj cc det amod conj case obl punct case case det nmod case nmod punct root A DET patina NOUN is AUX a DET thin ADJ green ADJ or CCONJ brown ADJ layer NOUN that PRON forms VERB on ADP copper NOUN , PUNCT bronze NOUN and CCONJ some DET other ADJ metals NOUN over ADP time NOUN , PUNCT like ADP on ADP the DET Statue PROPN of ADP Liberty PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 patina det 2 patina patina NOUN Number=Sing 9 layer nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 layer cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 layer det 5 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 9 layer amod 6 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 9 layer amod 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 brown cc 8 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 6 green conj 9 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 forms nsubj 11 forms form VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 layer acl:relcl 12 on on ADP _ 13 copper case 13 copper copper NOUN Number=Sing 11 forms obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 bronze punct 15 bronze bronze NOUN Number=Sing 13 copper conj 16 and and CCONJ _ 19 metals cc 17 some some DET PronType=Ind 19 metals det 18 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 19 metals amod 19 metals metal NOUN Number=Plur 13 copper conj 20 over over ADP _ 21 time case 21 time time NOUN Number=Sing 11 forms obl 22 , , PUNCT _ 26 Statue punct 23 like like ADP _ 26 Statue case 24 on on ADP _ 26 Statue case 25 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 Statue det 26 Statue Statue PROPN Number=Sing 21 time nmod 27 of of ADP _ 28 Liberty case 28 Liberty Liberty PROPN Number=Sing 26 Statue nmod 29 . . PUNCT _ 9 layer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a patina a thin green layer tree rules 2 form present a thin green layer copper and bronze and some other metals time vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on copper=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A patina is the soft shine or worn look that old wood, leather or stone gets from age and use.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det amod cc amod conj obj amod nsubj punct conj cc conj parataxis case obl cc conj punct root A DET patina NOUN is AUX the DET soft ADJ shine NOUN or CCONJ worn ADJ look NOUN that PRON old ADJ wood NOUN , PUNCT leather NOUN or CCONJ stone NOUN gets VERB from ADP age NOUN and CCONJ use NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 patina det 2 patina patina NOUN Number=Sing 6 shine nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 shine cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 shine det 5 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 6 shine amod 6 shine shine NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 look cc 8 worn worn ADJ Degree=Pos 9 look amod 9 look look NOUN Number=Sing 6 shine conj 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 17 gets obj 11 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 12 wood amod 12 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 17 gets nsubj 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 leather punct 14 leather leather NOUN Number=Sing 12 wood conj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 stone cc 16 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 12 wood conj 17 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 shine parataxis 18 from from ADP _ 19 age case 19 age age NOUN Number=Sing 17 gets obl 20 and and CCONJ _ 21 use cc 21 use use NOUN Number=Sing 19 age conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 6 shine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a patina the soft shine or worn look tree rules 2 get present old wood and leather or stone that from age and use vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent that=Theme from age=Source
Meaning 3 Usage: figurative — kept apart, not parsed.
A patina is a thin outer look: «a patina of calm».
The tree, 11 words det nsubj cop det amod amod punct punct det parataxis case nmod punct punct root A DET patina NOUN is AUX a DET thin ADJ outer ADJ look NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET patina NOUN of ADP calm ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 patina det 2 patina patina NOUN Number=Sing 7 look nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 look cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 look det 5 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 7 look amod 6 outer outer ADJ Degree=Pos 7 look amod 7 look look NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 : : PUNCT _ 11 patina punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 11 patina punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 patina det 11 patina patina NOUN Number=Sing 7 look parataxis 12 of of ADP _ 13 calm case 13 calm calm ADJ Degree=Pos 11 patina nmod 14 » » PUNCT _ 11 patina punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a patina a thin outer look tree rules
Example 1 The Statue of Liberty is green because of its copper patina.
det nsubj case nmod cop case fixed nmod:poss compound obl punct root The DET Statue PROPN of ADP Liberty PROPN is AUX green ADJ because ADP of ADP its PRON copper NOUN patina NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Statue det 2 Statue Statue PROPN Number=Sing 6 green nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 Liberty case 4 Liberty Liberty PROPN Number=Sing 2 Statue nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 green cop 6 green green ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 11 patina case 8 of of ADP _ 7 because fixed 9 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 patina nmod:poss 10 copper copper NOUN Number=Sing 11 patina compound 11 patina patina NOUN Number=Sing 6 green obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 green punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the Statue of Liberty because Statue's copper patina; green property tree rules
Example 2 The old church roof has a green patina.
det amod compound nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET old ADJ church NOUN roof NOUN has VERB a DET green ADJ patina NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 roof det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 roof amod 3 church church NOUN Number=Sing 4 roof compound 4 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing 5 has nsubj 5 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 patina det 7 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 8 patina amod 8 patina patina NOUN Number=Sing 5 has obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the old church roof a green patina vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent patina=Patient
Example 3 The wooden handrail had a shiny patina from many hands.
det amod nsubj det amod obj case amod obl punct root The DET wooden ADJ handrail NOUN had VERB a DET shiny ADJ patina NOUN from ADP many ADJ hands NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 handrail det 2 wooden wooden ADJ Degree=Pos 3 handrail amod 3 handrail handrail NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 patina det 6 shiny shiny ADJ Degree=Pos 7 patina amod 7 patina patina NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obj 8 from from ADP _ 10 hands case 9 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 10 hands amod 10 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 4 had obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the wooden handrail a shiny patina many hands vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent patina=Patient
Example 4 The bronze statue developed a patina over the years.
det amod nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET bronze ADJ statue NOUN developed VERB a DET patina NOUN over ADP the DET years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 statue det 2 bronze bronze ADJ Degree=Pos 3 statue amod 3 statue statue NOUN Number=Sing 4 developed nsubj 4 developed develop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 patina det 6 patina patina NOUN Number=Sing 4 developed obj 7 over over ADP _ 9 years case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 years det 9 years year NOUN Number=Plur 4 developed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 developed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 develop past the bronze statue a patina year vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent patina=Product
Example 5 Polishing would remove the coin's patina.
nsubj aux det nmod:poss case obj punct root Polishing NOUN would AUX remove VERB the DET coin NOUN 's PART patina NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Polishing polishing NOUN Number=Sing 3 remove nsubj 2 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 remove aux 3 remove remove VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 coin det 5 coin coin NOUN Number=Sing 7 patina nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 coin case 7 patina patina NOUN Number=Sing 3 remove obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 remove punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remove would Polishing the coin's patina vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent patina=Theme
Example 6 Beneath a patina of calm, she was very nervous.
case det obl case nmod punct nsubj cop advmod punct root Beneath ADP a DET patina NOUN of ADP calm ADJ , PUNCT she PRON was AUX very ADV nervous ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Beneath beneath ADP _ 3 patina case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 patina det 3 patina patina NOUN Number=Sing 10 nervous obl 4 of of ADP _ 5 calm case 5 calm calm ADJ Degree=Pos 3 patina nmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 patina punct 7 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 nervous nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 nervous cop 9 very very ADV _ 10 nervous advmod 10 nervous nervous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 nervous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past she beneath a patina of calm; nervous property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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