patois Who acts: patois, Grandma, Wah, villagers, visitors, Many words · What happens: be, speak, spell, base, hear, not understand · To what, where: form, language, particular area, Patwa, everyday language, English · Speech: someone speaks here
«patois» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: patois in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A patois is a form of a language spoken by ordinary people in a particular area, different from the standard language.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det case det nmod acl case amod obl:agent case det amod obl punct amod case det amod obl punct root A DET patois NOUN is AUX a DET form NOUN of ADP a DET language NOUN spoken VERB by ADP ordinary ADJ people NOUN in ADP a DET particular ADJ area NOUN , PUNCT different ADJ from ADP the DET standard ADJ language NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 patois det 2 patois patois NOUN Number=Sing 5 form nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 form cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 form det 5 form form NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 language case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 language det 8 language language NOUN Number=Sing 5 form nmod 9 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 language acl 10 by by ADP _ 12 people case 11 ordinary ordinary ADJ Degree=Pos 12 people amod 12 people people NOUN Number=Plur 9 spoken obl:agent 13 in in ADP _ 16 area case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 area det 15 particular particular ADJ Degree=Pos 16 area amod 16 area area NOUN Number=Sing 9 spoken obl 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 different punct 18 different different ADJ Degree=Pos 16 area amod 19 from from ADP _ 22 language case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 language det 21 standard standard ADJ Degree=Pos 22 language amod 22 language language NOUN Number=Sing 18 different obl 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 form punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a patois a form of a language tree rules 2 speak speech: other participle a language not said here a particular area vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: Jamaica, UK — kept apart, not parsed.
Patois (often spelled «Patwa») is the everyday language of Jamaica, based on English with West African influences, also heard among many Black British and Caribbean people.
The tree, 26 words nsubj punct advmod acl punct obj punct punct cop det amod case nmod punct advcl case obl case compound amod obl punct advmod parataxis case amod amod amod cc conj obl punct root Patois NOUN ( PUNCT often ADV spelled VERB « PUNCT Patwa PROPN » PUNCT ) PUNCT is AUX the DET everyday ADJ language NOUN of ADP Jamaica PROPN , PUNCT based VERB on ADP English PROPN with ADP West PROPN African ADJ influences NOUN , PUNCT also ADV heard VERB among ADP many ADJ Black ADJ British ADJ and CCONJ Caribbean ADJ people NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Patois patois NOUN Number=Sing 12 language nsubj 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 spelled punct 3 often often ADV _ 4 spelled advmod 4 spelled spell VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Patois acl 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 Patwa punct 6 Patwa Patwa PROPN Number=Sing 4 spelled obj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 Patwa punct 8 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 spelled punct 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 language cop 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 language det 11 everyday everyday ADJ Degree=Pos 12 language amod 12 language language NOUN Number=Sing root root 13 of of ADP _ 14 Jamaica case 14 Jamaica Jamaica PROPN Number=Sing 12 language nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 based punct 16 based base VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 25 heard advcl 17 on on ADP _ 18 English case 18 English English PROPN Number=Sing 16 based obl 19 with with ADP _ 22 influences case 20 West West PROPN Number=Sing 22 influences compound 21 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 22 influences amod 22 influences influence NOUN Number=Plur 16 based obl 23 , , PUNCT _ 25 heard punct 24 also also ADV _ 25 heard advmod 25 heard hear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 language parataxis 26 among among ADP _ 32 people case 27 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 32 people amod 28 Black black ADJ Degree=Pos 32 people amod 29 British British ADJ Degree=Pos 32 people amod 30 and and CCONJ _ 31 Caribbean cc 31 Caribbean caribbean ADJ Degree=Pos 29 British conj 32 people people NOUN Number=Plur 25 heard obl 33 . . PUNCT _ 12 language punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spell participle Patois not said here Patwa often property vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent patwa=Theme 2 is a present Patois the everyday language of Jamaica tree rules 3 base participle English with West African influences vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent on english=Source 4 hear participle among many Black British people vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 3 A patois can also be the special talk or jargon of a group.
det nsubj aux advmod cop det amod cc conj case det nmod punct root A DET patois NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX the DET special ADJ talk NOUN or CCONJ jargon NOUN of ADP a DET group NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 patois det 2 patois patois NOUN Number=Sing 8 talk nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 talk aux 4 also also ADV _ 8 talk advmod 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 talk cop 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 talk det 7 special special ADJ Degree=Pos 8 talk amod 8 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 jargon cc 10 jargon jargon NOUN Number=Sing 8 talk conj 11 of of ADP _ 13 group case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 group det 13 group group NOUN Number=Sing 10 jargon nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 talk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a patois the special talk or jargon of a group tree rules
Example 1 Grandma speaks Jamaican Patois with her sisters.
nsubj obj flat case nmod:poss obl punct root Grandma NOUN speaks VERB Jamaican PROPN Patois PROPN with ADP her PRON sisters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 2 speaks nsubj 2 speaks speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 Jamaican Jamaican PROPN Number=Sing 2 speaks obj 4 Patois Patois PROPN Number=Sing 3 Jamaican flat 5 with with ADP _ 7 sisters case 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 sisters nmod:poss 7 sisters sister NOUN Number=Plur 2 speaks obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 speaks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present Grandma Jamaican with Grandma's sisters tree rules
Example 2 «Wah gwaan» is a greeting in Jamaican Patois.
punct nsubj dep punct cop det case amod nmod punct root « PUNCT Wah PROPN gwaan X » PUNCT is AUX a DET greeting NOUN in ADP Jamaican ADJ Patois PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Wah punct 2 Wah Wah PROPN Number=Sing 7 greeting nsubj 3 gwaan gwaan X Foreign=Yes 2 Wah dep 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 gwaan punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 greeting cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 greeting det 7 greeting greeting NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in ADP _ 10 Patois case 9 Jamaican Jamaican ADJ Degree=Pos 10 Patois amod 10 Patois Patois PROPN Number=Sing 7 greeting nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 greeting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Wah a greeting Jamaican Patois tree rules
Example 3 The villagers spoke a patois the visitors could not understand.
det nsubj det obj det nsubj aux advmod parataxis punct root The DET villagers NOUN spoke VERB a DET patois NOUN the DET visitors NOUN could AUX not PART understand VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 villagers det 2 villagers villager NOUN Number=Plur 3 spoke nsubj 3 spoke speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 patois det 5 patois patois NOUN Number=Sing 3 spoke obj 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 visitors det 7 visitors visitor NOUN Number=Plur 10 understand nsubj 8 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 understand aux 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 understand advmod 10 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 spoke parataxis 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 spoke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other past the villagers a patois tree rules 2 not understand could the visitors vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 4 Many words in London slang come from Patois.
amod nsubj case compound nmod case obl punct root Many ADJ words NOUN in ADP London PROPN slang NOUN come VERB from ADP Patois PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 words amod 2 words word NOUN Number=Plur 6 come nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 5 slang case 4 London London PROPN Number=Sing 5 slang compound 5 slang slang NOUN Number=Sing 2 words nmod 6 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 from from ADP _ 8 Patois case 8 Patois Patois PROPN Number=Sing 6 come obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present Many words in London slang Patois vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from patois=Initial_Location
Example 5 The poem was written in Caribbean patois.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod obl punct root The DET poem NOUN was AUX written VERB in ADP Caribbean ADJ patois NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 poem det 2 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 4 written nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 written aux:pass 4 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 patois case 6 Caribbean caribbean ADJ Degree=Pos 7 patois amod 7 patois patois NOUN Number=Sing 4 written obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 written punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past · passive the poem Caribbean patois vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in patois=Destination
Example 6 Every trade has its own patois of special words.
det nsubj nmod:poss amod obj case amod nmod punct root Every DET trade NOUN has VERB its PRON own ADJ patois NOUN of ADP special ADJ words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Every every DET PronType=Tot 2 trade det 2 trade trade NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 patois nmod:poss 5 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 6 patois amod 6 patois patois NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 words case 8 special special ADJ Degree=Pos 9 words amod 9 words word NOUN Number=Plur 6 patois nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present every trade trade's own patois of special words vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent patois=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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