pen Who acts: pen, she, pigs, you, your, farmer · What happens: be, draw, pen, have, cost, write · To what, where: tool, small fenced place, letter, pen, 8 pens, 2 dollars · Speech: someone speaks here
«pen» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pen in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A pen is a tool for writing or drawing with ink.
det nsubj cop det case nmod cc conj case obl punct root A DET pen NOUN is AUX a DET tool NOUN for ADP writing NOUN or CCONJ drawing VERB with ADP ink NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pen det 2 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 5 tool nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tool cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 tool det 5 tool tool NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 for for ADP _ 7 writing case 7 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 5 tool nmod 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 drawing cc 9 drawing draw VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 tool conj 10 with with ADP _ 11 ink case 11 ink ink NOUN Number=Sing 9 drawing obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 tool punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a pen a tool for writing tree rules 2 draw gerund a pen not said here with ink vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A pen is also a small fenced place for animals, like a sheep pen or pig pen.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop advmod det amod amod case nmod punct case det compound conj cc compound conj punct root A DET pen NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET small ADJ fenced ADJ place NOUN for ADP animals NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET sheep NOUN pen NOUN or CCONJ pig NOUN pen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pen det 2 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 8 place nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 place cop 4 also also ADV _ 8 place advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 place det 6 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 8 place amod 7 fenced fenced ADJ Degree=Pos 8 place amod 8 place place NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 for for ADP _ 10 animals case 10 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 8 place nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 pen punct 12 like like ADP _ 15 pen case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 pen det 14 sheep sheep NOUN Number=Sing 15 pen compound 15 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 8 place conj 16 or or CCONJ _ 18 pen cc 17 pig pig NOUN Number=Sing 18 pen compound 18 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 15 pen conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 8 place punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a pen a small fenced place and a sheep pen or pig pen for animals tree rules
Meaning 3 To pen is to write: «she penned a letter».
mark advcl cop mark punct punct nsubj ccomp det obj punct punct root To PART pen NOUN is AUX to PART write VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT she PRON penned VERB a DET letter NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 pen mark 2 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 5 write advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 write cop 4 to to PART _ 5 write mark 5 write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 : : PUNCT _ 9 penned punct 7 « « PUNCT _ 9 penned punct 8 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 penned nsubj 9 penned pen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 write ccomp 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 letter det 11 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 9 penned obj 12 » » PUNCT _ 9 penned punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present write property tree rules 2 pen in a quote past she a letter vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent letter=Theme
Meaning 4 To pen in animals is to shut them in a pen.
mark advcl case nmod cop mark obj case det obl punct root To PART pen NOUN in ADP animals NOUN is AUX to PART shut VERB them PRON in ADP a DET pen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 pen mark 2 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 7 shut advcl 3 in in ADP _ 4 animals case 4 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 2 pen nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 shut cop 6 to to PART _ 7 shut mark 7 shut shut VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 shut obj 9 in in ADP _ 11 pen case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 pen det 11 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 7 shut obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 shut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a pen shut property tree rules
Example 1 She has 8 pens.
nsubj nummod obj punct root She PRON has VERB 8 NUM pens NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 pens nummod 4 pens pen NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present She 8 pens vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pen=Patient
Example 2 Each pen costs 2 dollars.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET pen NOUN costs VERB 2 NUM dollars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 pen det 2 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 3 costs nsubj 3 costs cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 dollars nummod 5 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 3 costs obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 costs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present each pen 2 dollars vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value
Example 3 The pigs are in a pen.
det nsubj cop case det punct root The DET pigs NOUN are AUX in ADP a DET pen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pigs det 2 pigs pig NOUN Number=Plur 6 pen nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 pen cop 4 in in ADP _ 6 pen case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 pen det 6 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 pen punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the pigs a pen tree rules
Example 4 The pen has 4 sheep in it.
det nsubj nummod obj case nmod punct root The DET pen NOUN has VERB 4 NUM sheep NOUN in ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pen det 2 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 sheep nummod 5 sheep sheep NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 it case 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 sheep nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the pen 4 sheep it vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Patient
Example 5 Please write your name in blue pen.
discourse nmod:poss obj case amod obl punct root Please INTJ write VERB your PRON name NOUN in ADP blue ADJ pen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 write discourse 2 write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 name nmod:poss 4 name name NOUN Number=Sing 2 write obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 pen case 6 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 7 pen amod 7 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 2 write obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write imperative you not said here your name blue pen vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme in pen=Destination 2 name your nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 My pen ran out of ink.
nmod:poss nsubj case case obl punct root My PRON pen NOUN ran VERB out ADP of ADP ink NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 pen nmod:poss 2 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 3 ran nsubj 3 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADP _ 6 ink case 5 of of ADP _ 6 ink case 6 ink ink NOUN Number=Sing 3 ran obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 ran punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run past My pen ink vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out ink=Trajectory
Example 7 The farmer built a pen for the lambs.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET farmer NOUN built VERB a DET pen NOUN for ADP the DET lambs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farmer det 2 farmer farmer NOUN Number=Sing 3 built nsubj 3 built build VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 pen det 5 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 3 built obj 6 for for ADP _ 8 lambs case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 lambs det 8 lambs lamb NOUN Number=Plur 3 built obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 built punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build past the farmer a pen for the lambs vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent pen=Material for lamb=Beneficiary
Example 8 I have a pen pal in New Zealand.
nsubj det compound obj case flat nmod punct root I PRON have VERB a DET pen NOUN pal NOUN in ADP New PROPN Zealand PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 pal det 4 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 5 pal compound 5 pal pal NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 Zealand case 7 New New PROPN Number=Sing 8 Zealand flat 8 Zealand Zealand PROPN Number=Sing 5 pal nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present I a pen pal New Zealand vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pal=Patient
Example 9 She penned a short poem.
nsubj det amod obj punct root She PRON penned VERB a DET short ADJ poem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 penned nsubj 2 penned pen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 poem det 4 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 5 poem amod 5 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 2 penned obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 penned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pen past She a short poem vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent poem=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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