penalise Who acts: referee, you, your, judges, dancer, formal new rule · What happens: penalise, be, break, lose, mean, put · To what, where: someone, rule, unfair disadvantage, team, You, project · Speech: someone speaks here
«penalise» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: penalise in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To penalise someone is to punish them for breaking a rule or law, for example with a penalty, a fine or lost points.
The tree, 23 words mark advcl obj cop mark obj mark advcl det obj cc conj punct case obl case det obl punct det conj cc amod conj punct root To PART penalise VERB someone PRON is AUX to PART punish VERB them PRON for SCONJ breaking VERB a DET rule NOUN or CCONJ law NOUN , PUNCT for ADP example NOUN with ADP a DET penalty NOUN , PUNCT a DET fine ADJ or CCONJ lost VERB points NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 penalise mark 2 penalise penalise VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 punish advcl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 penalise obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 punish cop 5 to to PART _ 6 punish mark 6 punish punish VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 punish obj 8 for for SCONJ _ 9 breaking mark 9 breaking break VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 punish advcl 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 rule det 11 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 9 breaking obj 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 law cc 13 law law NOUN Number=Sing 11 rule conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 example punct 15 for for ADP _ 16 example case 16 example example NOUN Number=Sing 9 breaking obl 17 with with ADP _ 19 penalty case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 penalty det 19 penalty penalty NOUN Number=Sing 9 breaking obl 20 , , PUNCT _ 22 fine punct 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 fine det 22 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 6 punish conj 23 or or CCONJ _ 25 points cc 24 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 25 points amod 25 points point NOUN Number=Plur 22 fine conj 26 . . PUNCT _ 6 punish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 penalise to-infinitive someone tree rules 2 is present punish property tree rules 3 break gerund a rule or law for example; with a penalty vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent rule=Patient with penalty=Instrument 4 be tree rules 5 lose participle vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To penalise can also mean to put someone at an unfair disadvantage.
mark csubj aux advmod mark xcomp obj case det amod obl punct root To PART penalise VERB can AUX also ADV mean VERB to PART put VERB someone PRON at ADP an DET unfair ADJ disadvantage NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 penalise mark 2 penalise penalise VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 mean csubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 mean aux 4 also also ADV _ 5 mean advmod 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 to to PART _ 7 put mark 7 put put VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 mean xcomp 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 put obj 9 at at ADP _ 12 disadvantage case 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 disadvantage det 11 unfair unfair ADJ Degree=Pos 12 disadvantage amod 12 disadvantage disadvantage NOUN Number=Sing 7 put obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 penalise to-infinitive tree rules 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 put not said to happen to-infinitive someone a unfair disadvantage vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent someone=Theme at disadvantage=Destination
Example 1 The referee penalised the team for a high tackle.
det nsubj det obj case det amod obl punct root The DET referee NOUN penalised VERB the DET team NOUN for ADP a DET high ADJ tackle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 referee det 2 referee referee NOUN Number=Sing 3 penalised nsubj 3 penalised penalis VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 team det 5 team team NOUN Number=Sing 3 penalised obj 6 for for ADP _ 9 tackle case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 tackle det 8 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 9 tackle amod 9 tackle tackle NOUN Number=Sing 3 penalised obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 penalised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 penalis past the referee the team for a high tackle tree rules
Example 2 You will be penalised if you hand in your project late.
nsubj aux aux:pass mark nsubj advcl case nmod:poss obl advmod punct root You PRON will AUX be AUX penalised VERB if SCONJ you PRON hand VERB in ADP your PRON project NOUN late ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 penalised nsubj 2 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 penalised aux 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 penalised aux:pass 4 penalised penalis VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 if if SCONJ _ 7 hand mark 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 hand nsubj 7 hand hand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 penalised advcl 8 in in ADP _ 10 project case 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 project nmod:poss 10 project project NOUN Number=Sing 7 hand obl 11 late late ADV Degree=Pos 7 hand advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 penalised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 penalis future · passive You tree rules 2 hand a condition, not said to happen present you your project late property vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 project your nom project «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 Drivers are penalised for speeding.
nsubj aux:pass case obl punct root Drivers NOUN are AUX penalised VERB for ADP speeding NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Drivers driver NOUN Number=Plur 3 penalised nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 penalised aux:pass 3 penalised penalis VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 for for ADP _ 5 speeding case 5 speeding speeding NOUN Number=Sing 3 penalised obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 penalised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 penalis present · passive Drivers for speeding tree rules
Example 4 The judges penalised the dancer for stepping off the stage.
det nsubj det obj mark acl compound:prt det obj punct root The DET judges NOUN penalised VERB the DET dancer NOUN for SCONJ stepping VERB off ADP the DET stage NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 judges det 2 judges judge NOUN Number=Plur 3 penalised nsubj 3 penalised penalis VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 dancer det 5 dancer dancer NOUN Number=Sing 3 penalised obj 6 for for SCONJ _ 7 stepping mark 7 stepping step VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 dancer acl 8 off off ADP _ 7 stepping compound:prt 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 stage det 10 stage stage NOUN Number=Sing 7 stepping obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 penalised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 penalis past the judges the dancer tree rules 2 step off gerund the dancer not said here the stage vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location stage=Theme
Example 5 (formal) The new rule penalises families who live far from school.
punct amod punct det amod nsubj obj nsubj acl:relcl advmod case obl punct root ( PUNCT formal ADJ ) PUNCT The DET new ADJ rule NOUN penalises VERB families NOUN who PRON live VERB far ADV from ADP school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 6 rule amod 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 4 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 rule det 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 6 rule amod 6 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 7 penalises nsubj 7 penalises penalis VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 families family NOUN Number=Plur 7 penalises obj 9 who who PRON PronType=Rel 10 live nsubj 10 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 families acl:relcl 11 far far ADV Degree=Pos 10 live advmod 12 from from ADP _ 13 school case 13 school school NOUN Number=Sing 10 live obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 penalises punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 penalis present the formal new rule families tree rules 2 live present families school far property vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 In the quiz, wrong answers are penalised with minus one point.
case det obl punct amod nsubj aux:pass case amod compound obl punct root In ADP the DET quiz NOUN , PUNCT wrong ADJ answers NOUN are AUX penalised VERB with ADP minus ADJ one NOUN point NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 quiz case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 quiz det 3 quiz quiz NOUN Number=Sing 8 penalised obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 quiz punct 5 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 6 answers amod 6 answers answer NOUN Number=Plur 8 penalised nsubj 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 penalised aux:pass 8 penalised penalis VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 with with ADP _ 12 point case 10 minus minus ADJ Degree=Pos 12 point amod 11 one one NOUN Number=Sing 12 point compound 12 point point NOUN Number=Sing 8 penalised obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 penalised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 penalis present · passive wrong answers the quiz with minus one point tree rules
Example 7 He was penalised two points for poor spelling.
nsubj aux:pass nummod obj case amod nmod punct root He PRON was AUX penalised VERB two NUM points NOUN for ADP poor ADJ spelling NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 penalised nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 penalised aux:pass 3 penalised penalis VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 points nummod 5 points point NOUN Number=Plur 3 penalised obj 6 for for ADP _ 8 spelling case 7 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 8 spelling amod 8 spelling spelling NOUN Number=Sing 5 points nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 penalised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 penalis past · passive He tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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