penalty Who acts: penalty, punishment, other team, team, referee, She · What happens: be, break, pay, give, score, win · To what, where: punishment, rule, money, free chance, sports football, one team
«penalty» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: penalty in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A penalty is a punishment for breaking a rule or a law, such as paying money (a fine).
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det mark acl det obj cc det conj punct mark fixed acl obj punct det appos punct punct root A DET penalty NOUN is AUX a DET punishment NOUN for SCONJ breaking VERB a DET rule NOUN or CCONJ a DET law NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP paying VERB money NOUN ( PUNCT a DET fine ADJ ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 penalty det 2 penalty penalty NOUN Number=Sing 5 punishment nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 punishment cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 punishment det 5 punishment punishment NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 for for SCONJ _ 7 breaking mark 7 breaking break VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 punishment acl 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 rule det 9 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 7 breaking obj 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 law cc 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 law det 12 law law NOUN Number=Sing 9 rule conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 paying punct 14 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ 16 paying mark 15 as as ADP _ 14 such fixed 16 paying pay VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 punishment acl 17 money money NOUN Number=Sing 16 paying obj 18 ( ( PUNCT _ 20 fine punct 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 fine det 20 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 17 money appos 21 ) ) PUNCT _ 20 fine punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 punishment punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a penalty a punishment tree rules 2 break gerund a punishment not said here a rule or a law vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient 3 pay gerund a punishment not said here money vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In sports like football (soccer), rugby or hockey, a penalty is a free chance given to one team because the other team broke a rule; in football it is a shot at goal from a spot near the goal.
The tree, 39 words case compound case obl punct appos punct punct conj cc conj punct det nsubj cop det amod acl case nummod obl mark det amod nsubj advcl det obj punct case obl nsubj cop det conj case nmod case det nmod case det nmod punct root In ADP sports NOUN like ADP football NOUN ( PUNCT soccer NOUN ) PUNCT , PUNCT rugby NOUN or CCONJ hockey NOUN , PUNCT a DET penalty NOUN is AUX a DET free ADJ chance NOUN given VERB to ADP one NUM team NOUN because SCONJ the DET other ADJ team NOUN broke VERB a DET rule NOUN ; PUNCT in ADP football NOUN it PRON is AUX a DET shot NOUN at ADP goal NOUN from ADP a DET spot NOUN near ADP the DET goal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 football case 2 sports sport NOUN Number=Plur 4 football compound 3 like like ADP _ 4 football case 4 football football NOUN Number=Sing 18 chance obl 5 ( ( PUNCT _ 6 soccer punct 6 soccer soccer NOUN Number=Sing 4 football appos 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 soccer punct 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 rugby punct 9 rugby rugby NOUN Number=Sing 4 football conj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 hockey cc 11 hockey hockey NOUN Number=Sing 9 rugby conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 4 football punct 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 penalty det 14 penalty penalty NOUN Number=Sing 18 chance nsubj 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 chance cop 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 chance det 17 free free ADJ Degree=Pos 18 chance amod 18 chance chance NOUN Number=Sing root root 19 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 18 chance acl 20 to to ADP _ 22 team case 21 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 22 team nummod 22 team team NOUN Number=Sing 19 given obl 23 because because SCONJ _ 27 broke mark 24 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 team det 25 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 26 team amod 26 team team NOUN Number=Sing 27 broke nsubj 27 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 19 given advcl 28 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 29 rule det 29 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 27 broke obj 30 ; ; PUNCT _ 36 shot punct 31 in in ADP _ 32 football case 32 football football NOUN Number=Sing 36 shot obl 33 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 36 shot nsubj 34 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 36 shot cop 35 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 36 shot det 36 shot shot NOUN Number=Sing 18 chance conj 37 at at ADP _ 38 goal case 38 goal goal NOUN Number=Sing 36 shot nmod 39 from from ADP _ 41 spot case 40 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 41 spot det 41 spot spot NOUN Number=Sing 36 shot nmod 42 near near ADP _ 44 goal case 43 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 44 goal det 44 goal goal NOUN Number=Sing 41 spot nmod 45 . . PUNCT _ 18 chance punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a penalty a free chance and a shot sports football and rugby or hockey tree rules 2 give participle a free chance and a shot not said here one team vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to team=Recipient 3 break past the other team a rule vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient 4 is a present team a shot football at goal; from a spot near the goal tree rules
Example 1 The referee gave our team a penalty.
det nsubj nmod:poss iobj det obj punct root The DET referee NOUN gave VERB our PRON team NOUN a DET penalty NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 referee det 2 referee referee NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 team nmod:poss 5 team team NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave iobj 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 penalty det 7 penalty penalty NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the referee a penalty our team vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent team=Recipient penalty=Theme
Example 2 She scored the penalty and we won 2–1.
nsubj det obj cc nsubj conj obj case nmod punct root She PRON scored VERB the DET penalty NOUN and CCONJ we PRON won VERB 2 NUM – SYM 1 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 scored nsubj 2 scored score VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 penalty det 4 penalty penalty NOUN Number=Sing 2 scored obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 won cc 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 won nsubj 7 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 scored conj 8 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 won obj 9 – – SYM ExtPos=ADP 10 1 case 10 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 2 nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 scored punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 score past She the penalty vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent penalty=Theme 2 win past we 2 – 1 vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2=Eventuality
Example 3 The match ended in a penalty shoot-out.
det nsubj case det amod compound punct obl punct root The DET match NOUN ended VERB in ADP a DET penalty ADJ shoot NOUN - PUNCT out NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 match det 2 match match NOUN Number=Sing 3 ended nsubj 3 ended end VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 9 out case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 out det 6 penalty penalty ADJ Degree=Pos 9 out amod 7 shoot shoot NOUN Number=Sing 9 out compound 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 shoot punct 9 out out NOUN Number=Sing 3 ended obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 ended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 end past the match a penalty shoot out vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 4 There is a penalty for returning library books late.
expl det nsubj mark acl compound obj advmod punct root There PRON is VERB a DET penalty NOUN for SCONJ returning VERB library NOUN books NOUN late ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 is expl 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 penalty det 4 penalty penalty NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 5 for for SCONJ _ 6 returning mark 6 returning return VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 penalty acl 7 library library NOUN Number=Sing 8 books compound 8 books book NOUN Number=Plur 6 returning obj 9 late late ADV Degree=Pos 6 returning advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present a penalty there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 return gerund a penalty not said here library books late property vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme
Example 5 Dropping litter can bring a penalty of fifty dollars.
csubj obj aux det obj case nummod nmod punct root Dropping VERB litter NOUN can AUX bring VERB a DET penalty NOUN of ADP fifty NUM dollars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dropping drop VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 bring csubj 2 litter litter NOUN Number=Sing 1 Dropping obj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 bring aux 4 bring bring VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 penalty det 6 penalty penalty NOUN Number=Sing 4 bring obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 dollars case 8 fifty fifty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 dollars nummod 9 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 6 penalty nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 bring punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drop gerund litter vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litter=Theme 2 bring can Dropping a penalty of fifty dollars vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent penalty=Theme
Example 6 In hockey a player who trips someone goes to the penalty box.
case obl det nsubj nsubj acl:relcl obj case det compound obl punct root In ADP hockey NOUN a DET player NOUN who PRON trips VERB someone PRON goes VERB to ADP the DET penalty NOUN box NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 hockey case 2 hockey hockey NOUN Number=Sing 8 goes obl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 player det 4 player player NOUN Number=Sing 8 goes nsubj 5 who who PRON PronType=Rel 6 trips nsubj 6 trips trip VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 player acl:relcl 7 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 trips obj 8 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 to to ADP _ 12 box case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 box det 11 penalty penalty NOUN Number=Sing 12 box compound 12 box box NOUN Number=Sing 8 goes obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 goes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trip present a player someone vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Agent 2 go present a player hockey to the penalty box vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to box=Initial_Location
Example 7 The penalty for cheating on the test was a zero.
det nsubj case acl case det obl cop det punct root The DET penalty NOUN for ADP cheating VERB on ADP the DET test NOUN was AUX a DET zero NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 penalty det 2 penalty penalty NOUN Number=Sing 10 zero nsubj 3 for for ADP _ 4 cheating case 4 cheating cheat VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 penalty acl 5 on on ADP _ 7 test case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 test det 7 test test NOUN Number=Sing 4 cheating obl 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 zero cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 zero det 10 zero zero NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 zero punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cheat gerund the penalty not said here the test vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 is a past the penalty a zero tree rules
Example 8 And if he failed, his head would pay the penalty.
cc mark nsubj advcl punct nmod:poss nsubj aux det obj punct root And CCONJ if SCONJ he PRON failed VERB , PUNCT his PRON head NOUN would AUX pay VERB the DET penalty NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 9 pay cc 2 if if SCONJ _ 4 failed mark 3 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 failed nsubj 4 failed fail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 pay advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 failed punct 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 head nmod:poss 7 head head NOUN Number=Sing 9 pay nsubj 8 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 pay aux 9 pay pay VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 penalty det 11 penalty penalty NOUN Number=Sing 9 pay obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 pay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fail a condition, not said to happen past he vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 pay would his head the penalty vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent penalty=Asset
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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