penance Who acts: Penance, person, they, sin, confession, Something · What happens: be, do, show, say, call, have · To what, where: something, prayers, good deed, name, reconciliation, queue · Speech: someone speaks here
«penance» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: penance in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.
Penance is something a person does to show they are sorry for a sin, such as saying prayers or doing a good deed, especially after confession in the Catholic Church.
The tree, 30 words nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl mark advcl nsubj cop ccomp case det obl punct mark fixed acl obj cc conj det amod obj punct advmod case obl case det compound nmod punct root Penance NOUN is AUX something PRON a DET person NOUN does VERB to PART show VERB they PRON are AUX sorry ADJ for ADP a DET sin NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP saying VERB prayers NOUN or CCONJ doing VERB a DET good ADJ deed NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV after ADP confession NOUN in ADP the DET Catholic PROPN Church PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Penance penance NOUN Number=Sing 3 something nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 something cop 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing 6 does nsubj 6 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 something acl:relcl 7 to to PART _ 8 show mark 8 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 does advcl 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 sorry nsubj 10 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 sorry cop 11 sorry sorry ADJ Degree=Pos 8 show ccomp 12 for for ADP _ 14 sin case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 sin det 14 sin sin NOUN Number=Sing 11 sorry obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 saying punct 16 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ 18 saying mark 17 as as ADP _ 16 such fixed 18 saying say VERB VerbForm=Ger 14 sin acl 19 prayers prayer NOUN Number=Plur 18 saying obj 20 or or CCONJ _ 21 doing cc 21 doing do VERB VerbForm=Ger 18 saying conj 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 deed det 23 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 24 deed amod 24 deed deed NOUN Number=Sing 21 doing obj 25 , , PUNCT _ 28 confession punct 26 especially especially ADV _ 28 confession advmod 27 after after ADP _ 28 confession case 28 confession confession NOUN Number=Sing 21 doing obl 29 in in ADP _ 32 Church case 30 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 32 Church det 31 Catholic Catholic PROPN Number=Sing 32 Church compound 32 Church Church PROPN Number=Sing 28 confession nmod 33 . . PUNCT _ 3 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Penance something tree rules 2 do present a person vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 show to-infinitive a person not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 is present they for a sin; sorry property tree rules 5 say speech: assert gerund a sin not said here prayers vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent prayer=Topic 6 do gerund a sin not said here a good deed after confession in the Catholic Church vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deed=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.
Penance is also the name of the sacrament of confession (also called reconciliation).
The tree, 13 words nsubj cop advmod det case det nmod case nmod punct advmod acl xcomp punct punct root Penance NOUN is AUX also ADV the DET name NOUN of ADP the DET sacrament NOUN of ADP confession NOUN ( PUNCT also ADV called VERB reconciliation NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Penance penance NOUN Number=Sing 5 name nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 name cop 3 also also ADV _ 5 name advmod 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 name det 5 name name NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 sacrament case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 sacrament det 8 sacrament sacrament NOUN Number=Sing 5 name nmod 9 of of ADP _ 10 confession case 10 confession confession NOUN Number=Sing 8 sacrament nmod 11 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 called punct 12 also also ADV _ 13 called advmod 13 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 confession acl 14 reconciliation reconciliation NOUN Number=Sing 13 called xcomp 15 ) ) PUNCT _ 13 called punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 name punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Penance the name of the sacrament of confession tree rules 2 call participle confession not said here reconciliation vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Something unpleasant you have to put up with, as if as a punishment: «Waiting in the queue was a penance».
The tree, 20 words nsubj amod nsubj mark xcomp compound:prt compound:prt punct case mark case det obl punct punct csubj case det obl cop det parataxis punct punct root Something PRON unpleasant ADJ you PRON have VERB to PART put VERB up ADP with ADP , PUNCT as ADP if SCONJ as ADP a DET punishment NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Waiting VERB in ADP the DET queue NOUN was AUX a DET penance NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 have nsubj 2 unpleasant unpleasant ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Something amod 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 have nsubj 4 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 put mark 6 put put VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 have xcomp 7 up up ADP _ 6 put compound:prt 8 with with ADP _ 6 put compound:prt 9 , , PUNCT _ 14 punishment punct 10 as as ADP _ 14 punishment case 11 if if SCONJ _ 14 punishment mark 12 as as ADP _ 14 punishment case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 punishment det 14 punishment punishment NOUN Number=Sing 6 put obl 15 : : PUNCT _ 23 penance punct 16 « « PUNCT _ 17 Waiting punct 17 Waiting wait VERB VerbForm=Ger 23 penance csubj 18 in in ADP _ 20 queue case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 queue det 20 queue queue NOUN Number=Sing 17 Waiting obl 21 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 23 penance cop 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 penance det 23 penance penance NOUN Number=Sing 4 have parataxis 24 » » PUNCT _ 23 penance punct 25 . . PUNCT _ 4 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Something tree rules 2 put up to-infinitive Something not said here as a punishment vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent 3 wait in a quote gerund the queue vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in queue=Location 4 is a in a quote past Waiting a penance tree rules
Example 1 After confession the priest gave her a penance of three prayers.
case obl det nsubj iobj det obj case nummod nmod punct root After ADP confession NOUN the DET priest NOUN gave VERB her PRON a DET penance NOUN of ADP three NUM prayers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 2 confession case 2 confession confession NOUN Number=Sing 5 gave obl 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 priest det 4 priest priest NOUN Number=Sing 5 gave nsubj 5 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 gave iobj 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 penance det 8 penance penance NOUN Number=Sing 5 gave obj 9 of of ADP _ 11 prayers case 10 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 prayers nummod 11 prayers prayer NOUN Number=Plur 8 penance nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the priest a penance of three prayers her = she after confession vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient penance=Theme
Example 2 He cleaned the kitchen as a penance for breaking the cup.
nsubj det obj case det obl mark advcl det obj punct root He PRON cleaned VERB the DET kitchen NOUN as ADP a DET penance NOUN for SCONJ breaking VERB the DET cup NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 cleaned nsubj 2 cleaned clean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 kitchen det 4 kitchen kitchen NOUN Number=Sing 2 cleaned obj 5 as as ADP _ 7 penance case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 penance det 7 penance penance NOUN Number=Sing 2 cleaned obl 8 for for SCONJ _ 9 breaking mark 9 breaking break VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 cleaned advcl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 cup det 11 cup cup NOUN Number=Sing 9 breaking obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 cleaned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 clean past He the kitchen as a penance vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent kitchen=Patient 2 break gerund He not said here the cup vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cup=Patient
Example 3 In the Middle Ages, some people walked to holy places to do penance.
The tree, 13 words case det flat obl punct det nsubj case amod obl mark advcl obj punct root In ADP the DET Middle PROPN Ages PROPN , PUNCT some DET people NOUN walked VERB to ADP holy ADJ places NOUN to PART do VERB penance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 Ages case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 Ages det 3 Middle Middle PROPN Number=Sing 4 Ages flat 4 Ages Age PROPN Number=Plur 8 walked obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 walked punct 6 some some DET PronType=Ind 7 people det 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 8 walked nsubj 8 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 to to ADP _ 11 places case 10 holy holy ADJ Degree=Pos 11 places amod 11 places place NOUN Number=Plur 8 walked obl 12 to to PART _ 13 do mark 13 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 walked advcl 14 penance penance NOUN Number=Sing 13 do obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk past some people in the Middle Ages to holy places result vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to place=Result 2 do to-infinitive some people not said here penance vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent penance=Eventuality
Example 4 Catholics also call confession the sacrament of penance.
nsubj advmod obj det xcomp case nmod punct root Catholics PROPN also ADV call VERB confession NOUN the DET sacrament NOUN of ADP penance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Catholics Catholic PROPN Number=Plur 3 call nsubj 2 also also ADV _ 3 call advmod 3 call call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 confession confession NOUN Number=Sing 3 call obj 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 sacrament det 6 sacrament sacrament NOUN Number=Sing 3 call xcomp 7 of of ADP _ 8 penance case 8 penance penance NOUN Number=Sing 6 sacrament nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 call punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present Catholics confession vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent confession=Recipient
Example 5 Listening to my brother's music was a real penance.
csubj case nmod:poss nmod:poss case obl cop det amod punct root Listening VERB to ADP my PRON brother NOUN 's PART music NOUN was AUX a DET real ADJ penance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Listening listen VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 penance csubj 2 to to ADP _ 6 music case 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 brother nmod:poss 4 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 6 music nmod:poss 5 's 's PART _ 4 brother case 6 music music NOUN Number=Sing 1 Listening obl 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 penance cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 penance det 9 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 10 penance amod 10 penance penance NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 penance punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 listen gerund to my brother's music vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to music=Theme 2 is a past Listening a real penance tree rules
Example 6 Lent is a time of prayer and penance for many Christians.
nsubj cop det case nmod cc conj case amod nmod punct root Lent PROPN is AUX a DET time NOUN of ADP prayer NOUN and CCONJ penance NOUN for ADP many ADJ Christians PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lent Lent PROPN Number=Sing 4 time nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 time cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 time det 4 time time NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 prayer case 6 prayer prayer NOUN Number=Sing 4 time nmod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 penance cc 8 penance penance NOUN Number=Sing 4 time conj 9 for for ADP _ 11 Christians case 10 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 11 Christians amod 11 Christians Christian PROPN Number=Plur 8 penance nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 time punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Lent a time and penance for many Christians of prayer tree rules
Example 7 She did penance by giving her pocket money to charity.
nsubj aux mark advcl nmod:poss compound obj case obl punct root She PRON did AUX penance VERB by SCONJ giving VERB her PRON pocket NOUN money NOUN to ADP charity NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 penance nsubj 2 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 penance aux 3 penance penance VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 by by SCONJ _ 5 giving mark 5 giving give VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 penance advcl 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 money nmod:poss 7 pocket pocket NOUN Number=Sing 8 money compound 8 money money NOUN Number=Sing 5 giving obj 9 to to ADP _ 10 charity case 10 charity charity NOUN Number=Sing 5 giving obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 penance punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 penance past · do-support She tree rules 2 give gerund She not said here her pocket money charity vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent money=Theme to charity=Recipient
Example 8 Psyche had to undergo a long and severe penance before she became worthy to regain the happiness, which she had so foolishly trifled away.
The tree, 24 words nsubj mark xcomp det amod cc conj obj mark nsubj advcl xcomp mark xcomp det obj punct obj nsubj acl:relcl advmod advmod xcomp advmod punct root Psyche NOUN had VERB to PART undergo VERB a DET long ADJ and CCONJ severe ADJ penance NOUN before SCONJ she PRON became VERB worthy ADJ to PART regain VERB the DET happiness NOUN , PUNCT which PRON she PRON had VERB so ADV foolishly ADV trifled VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Psyche psyche NOUN Number=Sing 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 undergo mark 4 undergo undergo VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 had xcomp 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 penance det 6 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 9 penance amod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 severe cc 8 severe severe ADJ Degree=Pos 6 long conj 9 penance penance NOUN Number=Sing 4 undergo obj 10 before before SCONJ _ 12 became mark 11 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 became nsubj 12 became become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 undergo advcl 13 worthy worthy ADJ Degree=Pos 12 became xcomp 14 to to PART _ 15 regain mark 15 regain regain VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 worthy xcomp 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 happiness det 17 happiness happiness NOUN Number=Sing 15 regain obj 18 , , PUNCT _ 21 had punct 19 which which PRON PronType=Rel 21 had obj 20 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 had nsubj 21 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 17 happiness acl:relcl 22 so so ADV _ 24 trifled advmod 23 foolishly foolishly ADV _ 24 trifled advmod 24 trifled trifle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 21 had xcomp 25 away away ADV _ 24 trifled advmod 26 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Psyche tree rules 2 undergo to-infinitive Psyche not said here a long penance tree rules 3 become past Psyche worthy property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 4 regain to-infinitive Psyche not said here the happiness vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent happiness=Theme 5 have past Psyche the happiness tree rules 6 trifle away participle the happiness not said here away, foolishly property vn trifle-105.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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