pencil Who acts: pencil, grey graphite, coloured pencil, Lily, Anna, box · What happens: be, call, draw, change, have, lose · To what, where: thin stick, lead, pencil, colours, 9 pencils, 5 · Speech: someone speaks here
«pencil» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pencil in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A pencil is a thin stick of wood with grey graphite (called «lead») or colour inside, for writing and drawing.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod case amod nmod punct acl punct xcomp punct punct cc conj advmod punct case conj cc conj punct root A DET pencil NOUN is AUX a DET thin ADJ stick NOUN of ADP wood NOUN with ADP grey ADJ graphite NOUN ( PUNCT called VERB « PUNCT lead NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT or CCONJ colour NOUN inside ADV , PUNCT for ADP writing NOUN and CCONJ drawing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pencil det 2 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 6 stick nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 stick cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 stick det 5 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 6 stick amod 6 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 wood case 8 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 6 stick nmod 9 with with ADP _ 11 graphite case 10 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 11 graphite amod 11 graphite graphite NOUN Number=Sing 6 stick nmod 12 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 called punct 13 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 graphite acl 14 « « PUNCT _ 15 lead punct 15 lead lead NOUN Number=Sing 13 called xcomp 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 lead punct 17 ) ) PUNCT _ 13 called punct 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 colour cc 19 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 11 graphite conj 20 inside inside ADV _ 19 colour advmod 21 , , PUNCT _ 23 writing punct 22 for for ADP _ 23 writing case 23 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 6 stick conj 24 and and CCONJ _ 25 drawing cc 25 drawing draw VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 23 writing conj 26 . . PUNCT _ 6 stick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a pencil a thin stick and writing of wood; with grey graphite or colour tree rules 2 call participle grey graphite or colour not said here lead vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 draw gerund a pencil not said here vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A coloured pencil is a pencil for drawing in colours.
det amod nsubj cop det mark acl case obl punct root A DET coloured ADJ pencil NOUN is AUX a DET pencil NOUN for SCONJ drawing VERB in ADP colours NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 pencil det 2 coloured coloured ADJ Degree=Pos 3 pencil amod 3 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 6 pencil nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 pencil cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 pencil det 6 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 for for SCONJ _ 8 drawing mark 8 drawing draw VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 pencil acl 9 in in ADP _ 10 colours case 10 colours colour NOUN Number=Plur 8 drawing obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 pencil punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a coloured pencil a pencil tree rules 2 draw gerund a pencil not said here colours vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in colour=Destination
Meaning 3 To pencil something in is to write it down for now, maybe to change later.
The tree, 15 words mark compound mark cop mark acl obj compound:prt case obl punct advmod mark conj advmod punct root To PART pencil NOUN something PRON in SCONJ is AUX to PART write VERB it PRON down ADP for ADP now ADV , PUNCT maybe ADV to PART change VERB later ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 something mark 2 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 3 something compound 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 4 in in SCONJ _ 7 write mark 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 write cop 6 to to PART _ 7 write mark 7 write write VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 something acl 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 write obj 9 down down ADP _ 7 write compound:prt 10 for for ADP _ 11 now case 11 now now ADV PronType=Dem 7 write obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 change punct 13 maybe maybe ADV _ 15 change advmod 14 to to PART _ 15 change mark 15 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 write conj 16 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 15 change advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present write property tree rules 2 change to-infinitive late, maybe property vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Lily had 9 pencils and lost 5.
nsubj nummod obj cc conj obj punct root Lily PROPN had VERB 9 NUM pencils NOUN and CCONJ lost VERB 5 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lily Lily PROPN Number=Sing 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 pencils nummod 4 pencils pencil NOUN Number=Plur 2 had obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 lost cc 6 lost lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 had conj 7 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 lost obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Lily 9 pencils vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pencil=Patient 2 lose past Lily not said here 5 vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 5=Eventuality
Example 2 Anna has 18 pencils and shares them equally among 2 friends.
nsubj nummod obj cc conj obj advmod case nummod obl punct root Anna PROPN has VERB 18 NUM pencils NOUN and CCONJ shares VERB them PRON equally ADV among ADP 2 NUM friends NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Anna Anna PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 18 18 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 pencils nummod 4 pencils pencil NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 shares cc 6 shares share VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 has conj 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 shares obj 8 equally equally ADV _ 6 shares advmod 9 among among ADP _ 11 friends case 10 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 11 friends nummod 11 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 6 shares obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Anna 18 pencils vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pencil=Patient 2 share present Anna not said here pencils = pencil among 2 friends; equally property tree rules
Example 3 A box has 10 pencils.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET box NOUN has VERB 10 NUM pencils NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 box det 2 box box NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 pencils nummod 5 pencils pencil NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a box 10 pencils vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pencil=Patient
Example 4 Sharpen your pencil before the test.
nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root Sharpen VERB your PRON pencil NOUN before ADP the DET test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sharpen sharpen VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 pencil nmod:poss 3 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 1 Sharpen obj 4 before before ADP _ 6 test case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 test det 6 test test NOUN Number=Sing 1 Sharpen obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Sharpen punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sharpen imperative you not said here your pencil before the test vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent pencil=Patient
Example 5 Write your answers in pencil, so you can rub them out.
nmod:poss obj case obl punct advmod nsubj aux conj obj compound:prt punct root Write VERB your PRON answers NOUN in ADP pencil NOUN , PUNCT so ADV you PRON can AUX rub VERB them PRON out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 answers nmod:poss 3 answers answer NOUN Number=Plur 1 Write obj 4 in in ADP _ 5 pencil case 5 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 rub punct 7 so so ADV _ 10 rub advmod 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 rub nsubj 9 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 rub aux 10 rub rub VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Write conj 11 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 rub obj 12 out out ADP _ 10 rub compound:prt 13 . . PUNCT _ 1 Write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write imperative you not said here your answers pencil vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent answer=Theme in pencil=Destination 2 rub out can you answers = answer vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent they=Theme 3 answer your nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 I keep my pencils in a pencil case.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det compound obl punct root I PRON keep VERB my PRON pencils NOUN in ADP a DET pencil NOUN case NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 keep nsubj 2 keep keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 pencils nmod:poss 4 pencils pencil NOUN Number=Plur 2 keep obj 5 in in ADP _ 8 case case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 case det 7 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 8 case compound 8 case case NOUN Number=Sing 2 keep obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep present I my pencils a pencil case vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent pencil=Theme in case=Location
Example 7 She drew a horse with coloured pencils.
nsubj det obj case amod obl punct root She PRON drew VERB a DET horse NOUN with ADP coloured ADJ pencils NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 drew nsubj 2 drew draw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 horse det 4 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 2 drew obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 pencils case 6 coloured coloured ADJ Degree=Pos 7 pencils amod 7 pencils pencil NOUN Number=Plur 2 drew obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 drew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draw past She a horse with coloured pencils vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme
Example 8 Don't run with a sharp pencil.
aux advmod case det amod obl punct root Do AUX n't PART run VERB with ADP a DET sharp ADJ pencil NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 run aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 run advmod 3 run run VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 with with ADP _ 7 pencil case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pencil det 6 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 7 pencil amod 7 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 3 run obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 run punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not run imperative · do-support you not said here with a sharp pencil vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent with pencil=Material
Example 9 The pencil would not go quite as it ought,--he had found that out; but the next day he tried again.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj aux advmod advmod mark nsubj parataxis punct punct nsubj aux conj obj compound:prt punct cc det amod obl:unmarked nsubj parataxis advmod punct root The DET pencil NOUN would AUX not PART go VERB quite ADV as SCONJ it PRON ought AUX , PUNCT -- PUNCT he PRON had AUX found VERB that PRON out ADP ; PUNCT but CCONJ the DET next ADJ day NOUN he PRON tried VERB again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pencil det 2 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 5 go nsubj 3 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 go aux 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 go advmod 5 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 quite quite ADV _ 9 ought advmod 7 as as SCONJ _ 9 ought mark 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 ought nsubj 9 ought ought AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 go parataxis 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 found punct 11 -- -- PUNCT _ 14 found punct 12 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 found nsubj 13 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 14 found aux 14 found find VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 go conj 15 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 14 found obj 16 out out ADP _ 14 found compound:prt 17 ; ; PUNCT _ 23 tried punct 18 but but CCONJ _ 23 tried cc 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 day det 20 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 21 day amod 21 day day NOUN Number=Sing 23 tried obl:unmarked 22 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 tried nsubj 23 tried try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 go parataxis 24 again again ADV _ 23 tried advmod 25 . . PUNCT _ 5 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not go would the pencil vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 find out past · perfect he that vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Topic 3 try past he again; day vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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