penalty
part of speech
noun (a penalty, penalties)
meaning for a pupil
1) A penalty is a punishment for breaking a rule or a law, such as paying money (a fine). tree →
2) In sports like football (soccer), rugby or hockey, a penalty is a free chance given to one team because the other team broke a rule; in football it is a shot at goal from a spot near the goal. tree →
sense in the lessons
In sports lessons a penalty is a key rule idea: break a rule and your team loses something. In everyday life libraries, parking and tax offices charge penalties. Phrases: «take a penalty», «score a penalty», «a penalty shoot-out», «penalty kick», «on penalty of», «pay a penalty».
examples
- The referee gave our team a penalty. tree →
- She scored the penalty and we won 2–1. tree →
- The match ended in a penalty shoot-out. tree →
- There is a penalty for returning library books late. tree →
- Dropping litter can bring a penalty of fifty dollars. tree →
- In hockey a player who trips someone goes to the penalty box. tree →
- The penalty for cheating on the test was a zero. tree →
- And if he failed, his head would pay the penalty. tree →
note
Countable: penalty, penalties (y → ies). Stress on the first syllable: PEN-al-ty. The verb is «penalise» (UK) or «penalize» (US). In a maths problem a penalty usually means points or money taken away (subtract).
In the corpora
- "The ultimate penalty" means the death penalty: the law kills (executes) the criminal.
- Then he went in goal for the Year 3s' lunchtime match, dived full length in the mud and saved a penalty.
- Jayden cried after losing a football game final on penalties and felt babyish.
- Nerves release adrenaline, which speeds up the heart and breathing even when you stand still, for example before a penalty.
- The goalkeeper is the only player allowed to handle the ball, and only inside their own penalty area.
Trees and pragmatics
Every meaning and example of «penalty» parsed by Mova, each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.