pendulum Who acts: pendulum, weight, string, grandfather clock, We, longer pendulum · What happens: be, hang, fix, swing, keep, change · To what, where: weight, fixed point, clock, one extreme, ten swings, lamp
«pendulum» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pendulum in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A pendulum is a weight hanging from a fixed point on a string or rod, which swings backwards and forwards.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det acl case det amod obl case det obl cc conj punct nsubj acl:relcl advmod cc conj punct root A DET pendulum NOUN is AUX a DET weight NOUN hanging VERB from ADP a DET fixed VERB point NOUN on ADP a DET string NOUN or CCONJ rod NOUN , PUNCT which PRON swings VERB backwards ADV and CCONJ forwards ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pendulum det 2 pendulum pendulum NOUN Number=Sing 5 weight nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 weight cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 weight det 5 weight weight NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 hanging hang VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 weight acl 7 from from ADP _ 10 point case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 point det 9 fixed fix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 point amod 10 point point NOUN Number=Sing 6 hanging obl 11 on on ADP _ 13 string case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 string det 13 string string NOUN Number=Sing 6 hanging obl 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 rod cc 15 rod rod NOUN Number=Sing 13 string conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 swings punct 17 which which PRON PronType=Rel 18 swings nsubj 18 swings swing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 string acl:relcl 19 backwards backwards ADV _ 18 swings advmod 20 and and CCONJ _ 21 forwards cc 21 forwards forwards ADV _ 19 backwards conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 weight punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a pendulum a weight tree rules 2 hang gerund a weight not said here a fixed point on a string or rod vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on string=Location 3 fix participle vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient 4 swing present a string or rod backwards property vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The swinging part of some old clocks, like a grandfather clock, which keeps the clock on time.
The tree, 17 words det amod case det amod nmod punct case det compound conj punct nsubj acl:relcl det obj case obl punct root The DET swinging VERB part NOUN of ADP some DET old ADJ clocks NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET grandfather NOUN clock NOUN , PUNCT which PRON keeps VERB the DET clock NOUN on ADP time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 part det 2 swinging swing VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 part amod 3 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 of of ADP _ 7 clocks case 5 some some DET PronType=Ind 7 clocks det 6 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 7 clocks amod 7 clocks clock NOUN Number=Plur 3 part nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 clock punct 9 like like ADP _ 12 clock case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 clock det 11 grandfather grandfather NOUN Number=Sing 12 clock compound 12 clock clock NOUN Number=Sing 3 part conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 keeps punct 14 which which PRON PronType=Rel 15 keeps nsubj 15 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 clock acl:relcl 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 clock det 17 clock clock NOUN Number=Sing 15 keeps obj 18 on on ADP _ 19 time case 19 time time NOUN Number=Sing 15 keeps obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 3 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swing gerund vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 2 keep present a grandfather clock the clock time vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clock=Theme
Meaning 3 The idea of something changing from one extreme to the other and back again, like the «pendulum of opinion».
The tree, 19 words det case nmod acl case nummod obl case det obl cc advmod conj punct case det punct obl case nmod punct punct root The DET idea NOUN of ADP something PRON changing VERB from ADP one NUM extreme ADJ to ADP the DET other ADJ and CCONJ back ADV again ADV , PUNCT like ADP the DET « PUNCT pendulum NOUN of ADP opinion NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 idea det 2 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 idea nmod 5 changing change VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 something acl 6 from from ADP _ 8 extreme case 7 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 extreme nummod 8 extreme extreme ADJ Degree=Pos 5 changing obl 9 to to ADP _ 11 other case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 other det 11 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 8 extreme obl 12 and and CCONJ _ 14 again cc 13 back back ADV _ 14 again advmod 14 again again ADV _ 8 extreme conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 19 pendulum punct 16 like like ADP _ 19 pendulum case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 pendulum det 18 « « PUNCT _ 19 pendulum punct 19 pendulum pendulum NOUN Number=Sing 5 changing obl 20 of of ADP _ 21 opinion case 21 opinion opinion NOUN Number=Sing 19 pendulum nmod 22 » » PUNCT _ 19 pendulum punct 23 . . PUNCT _ 2 idea punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 change gerund one extreme like the pendulum of opinion vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.material PP.result»: agent=Agent from extreme=Initial_State
Example 1 The pendulum of the grandfather clock swung slowly.
det nsubj case det compound nmod advmod punct root The DET pendulum NOUN of ADP the DET grandfather NOUN clock NOUN swung VERB slowly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pendulum det 2 pendulum pendulum NOUN Number=Sing 7 swung nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 6 clock case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 clock det 5 grandfather grandfather NOUN Number=Sing 6 clock compound 6 clock clock NOUN Number=Sing 2 pendulum nmod 7 swung swing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 slowly slowly ADV _ 7 swung advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 swung punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swing past the pendulum of the grandfather clock slowly property vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 2 We timed ten swings of the pendulum and divided by ten.
nsubj nummod obj case det nmod cc conj case obl punct root We PRON timed VERB ten NUM swings NOUN of ADP the DET pendulum NOUN and CCONJ divided VERB by ADP ten NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 timed nsubj 2 timed time VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 swings nummod 4 swings swing NOUN Number=Plur 2 timed obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 pendulum case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 pendulum det 7 pendulum pendulum NOUN Number=Sing 4 swings nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 divided cc 9 divided divide VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 timed conj 10 by by ADP _ 11 ten case 11 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 divided obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 timed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 time past We ten swings of the pendulum vn register-54.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent swing=Theme 2 divide participle We not said here by ten vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent by ten=Co-Theme 3 swing the pendulum nom swing «state intransitive»: of=agent
Example 3 A longer pendulum swings more slowly.
det amod nsubj advmod advmod punct root A DET longer ADJ pendulum NOUN swings VERB more ADV slowly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 pendulum det 2 longer long ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 pendulum amod 3 pendulum pendulum NOUN Number=Sing 4 swings nsubj 4 swings swing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 6 slowly advmod 6 slowly slowly ADV _ 4 swings advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 swings punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swing present a longer pendulum slowly property vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 4 Changing the weight did not change the pendulum's time much.
csubj det obj aux advmod det nmod:poss case obj advmod punct root Changing VERB the DET weight NOUN did AUX not PART change VERB the DET pendulum NOUN 's PART time NOUN much ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Changing change VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 change csubj 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 weight det 3 weight weight NOUN Number=Sing 1 Changing obj 4 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 change aux 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 change advmod 6 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 pendulum det 8 pendulum pendulum NOUN Number=Sing 10 time nmod:poss 9 's 's PART _ 8 pendulum case 10 time time NOUN Number=Sing 6 change obj 11 much much ADV _ 6 change advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 change punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 change gerund the weight vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Patient 2 not change past · do-support Changing time vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Galileo noticed a lamp swinging like a pendulum in a church.
nsubj det obj acl case det obl case det obl punct root Galileo PROPN noticed VERB a DET lamp NOUN swinging VERB like ADP a DET pendulum NOUN in ADP a DET church NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Galileo Galileo PROPN Number=Sing 2 noticed nsubj 2 noticed notice VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 lamp det 4 lamp lamp NOUN Number=Sing 2 noticed obj 5 swinging swing VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 lamp acl 6 like like ADP _ 8 pendulum case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 pendulum det 8 pendulum pendulum NOUN Number=Sing 5 swinging obl 9 in in ADP _ 11 church case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 church det 11 church church NOUN Number=Sing 5 swinging obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 noticed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 notice past Galileo a lamp vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer lamp=Stimulus 2 swing gerund a lamp not said here like a pendulum; in a church vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in church=Attribute
Example 6 The hypnotist swung a watch like a pendulum.
det nsubj det obj case det nmod punct root The DET hypnotist NOUN swung VERB a DET watch NOUN like ADP a DET pendulum NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hypnotist det 2 hypnotist hypnotist NOUN Number=Sing 3 swung nsubj 3 swung swing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 watch det 5 watch watch NOUN Number=Sing 3 swung obj 6 like like ADP _ 8 pendulum case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 pendulum det 8 pendulum pendulum NOUN Number=Sing 5 watch nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 swung punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swing past the hypnotist a watch like a pendulum vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent watch=Theme
Example 7 The pendulum of fashion has swung back to wide trousers.
det nsubj case nmod aux advmod case amod obl punct root The DET pendulum NOUN of ADP fashion NOUN has AUX swung VERB back ADV to ADP wide ADJ trousers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pendulum det 2 pendulum pendulum NOUN Number=Sing 6 swung nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 fashion case 4 fashion fashion NOUN Number=Sing 2 pendulum nmod 5 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 swung aux 6 swung swing VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 7 back back ADV _ 6 swung advmod 8 to to ADP _ 10 trousers case 9 wide wide ADJ Degree=Pos 10 trousers amod 10 trousers trousers NOUN Number=Plur 7 back obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 swung punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swing back present · perfect the pendulum of fashion vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 8 A playground swing is a kind of pendulum.
det compound nsubj cop det case nmod punct root A DET playground NOUN swing NOUN is AUX a DET kind NOUN of ADP pendulum NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 swing det 2 playground playground NOUN Number=Sing 3 swing compound 3 swing swing NOUN Number=Sing 6 kind nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 kind cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 kind det 6 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 pendulum case 8 pendulum pendulum NOUN Number=Sing 6 kind nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a playground swing a kind of pendulum tree rules
Example 9 The pendulum of the great clock went to and fro, and the hands turned, and everything in the room became still older; but they did not observe it.
The tree, 28 words det nsubj case det amod nmod obl cc conj punct cc det nsubj parataxis punct cc nsubj case det nmod conj advmod xcomp punct cc nsubj aux advmod conj obj punct root The DET pendulum NOUN of ADP the DET great ADJ clock NOUN went VERB to ADP and CCONJ fro VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET hands NOUN turned VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ everything PRON in ADP the DET room NOUN became VERB still ADV older ADJ ; PUNCT but CCONJ they PRON did AUX not PART observe VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pendulum det 2 pendulum pendulum NOUN Number=Sing 7 went nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 6 clock case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 clock det 5 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 6 clock amod 6 clock clock NOUN Number=Sing 2 pendulum nmod 7 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to ADP _ 7 went obl 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 fro cc 10 fro fro VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 went conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 turned punct 12 and and CCONJ _ 15 turned cc 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 hands det 14 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 15 turned nsubj 15 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 went parataxis 16 , , PUNCT _ 22 became punct 17 and and CCONJ _ 22 became cc 18 everything everything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 22 became nsubj 19 in in ADP _ 21 room case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 room det 21 room room NOUN Number=Sing 18 everything nmod 22 became become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 15 turned conj 23 still still ADV _ 24 older advmod 24 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 22 became xcomp 25 ; ; PUNCT _ 30 observe punct 26 but but CCONJ _ 30 observe cc 27 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 30 observe nsubj 28 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 30 observe aux 29 not not PART Polarity=Neg 30 observe advmod 30 observe observe VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 went conj 31 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 30 observe obj 32 . . PUNCT _ 7 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past the pendulum of the great clock vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 fro infinitive the pendulum of the great clock not said here tree rules 3 turn past the hands vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 4 become past everything old property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 5 not observe past · do-support hands = hand pendulum vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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