penguin Who acts: black white sea bird, Penguins, Emperor penguins, penguin, Little penguins, black back · What happens: not fly, swim, use, live, be, huddle · To what, where: wings, cold, great swimmers, ice, south, front
«penguin» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: penguin in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A black-and-white sea bird that cannot fly, swims very well using its wings as flippers, and lives mostly in the cold far south.
The tree, 26 words det amod punct cc punct amod compound nsubj nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct advmod advmod advcl nmod:poss obj case obl punct cc conj advmod case det obl advmod advmod punct root A DET black ADJ - PUNCT and CCONJ - PUNCT white ADJ sea NOUN bird NOUN that PRON can AUX not PART fly VERB , PUNCT swims VERB very ADV well ADV using VERB its PRON wings NOUN as ADP flippers NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ lives VERB mostly ADV in ADP the DET cold NOUN far ADV south ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 bird det 2 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 8 bird amod 3 - - PUNCT _ 8 bird punct 4 and and CCONJ _ 8 bird cc 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 and punct 6 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 8 bird amod 7 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 8 bird compound 8 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 14 swims nsubj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 fly nsubj 10 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 fly aux 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 12 fly advmod 12 fly fly VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 bird acl:relcl 13 , , PUNCT _ 8 bird punct 14 swims swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 15 very very ADV _ 16 well advmod 16 well well ADV Degree=Pos 14 swims advmod 17 using use VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 14 swims advcl 18 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 wings nmod:poss 19 wings wing NOUN Number=Plur 17 using obj 20 as as ADP _ 21 flippers case 21 flippers flipper NOUN Number=Plur 17 using obl 22 , , PUNCT _ 24 lives punct 23 and and CCONJ _ 24 lives cc 24 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 swims conj 25 mostly mostly ADV _ 24 lives advmod 26 in in ADP _ 28 cold case 27 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 cold det 28 cold cold NOUN Number=Sing 24 lives obl 29 far far ADV Degree=Pos 30 south advmod 30 south south ADV _ 24 lives advmod 31 . . PUNCT _ 14 swims punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not fly can a black white sea bird vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 swim present a black white sea bird well property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 use gerund a black white sea bird not said here bird's wings as flippers vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent wing=Duration as flipper=Attribute 4 live present a black white sea bird not said here the cold mostly, south property vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cold=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Penguins cannot fly, but they are great swimmers.
nsubj aux advmod punct cc nsubj cop amod obl punct root Penguins NOUN can AUX not PART fly VERB , PUNCT but CCONJ they PRON are AUX great ADJ swimmers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Penguins penguin NOUN Number=Plur 4 fly nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 fly aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 fly advmod 4 fly fly VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 10 swimmers punct 6 but but CCONJ _ 10 swimmers cc 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 swimmers nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 swimmers cop 9 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 10 swimmers amod 10 swimmers swimmer NOUN Number=Plur 4 fly obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 fly punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not fly can Penguins vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present Penguins = penguin great swimmers tree rules
Example 2 Emperor penguins huddle together to keep warm.
compound nsubj advmod mark advcl xcomp punct root Emperor NOUN penguins NOUN huddle VERB together ADV to PART keep VERB warm ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Emperor emperor NOUN Number=Sing 2 penguins compound 2 penguins penguin NOUN Number=Plur 3 huddle nsubj 3 huddle huddle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 together together ADV _ 3 huddle advmod 5 to to PART _ 6 keep mark 6 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 huddle advcl 7 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 6 keep xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 huddle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 huddle present Emperor penguins together property vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 keep to-infinitive Emperor penguins not said here warm property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The penguin waddled across the ice.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET penguin NOUN waddled VERB across ADP the DET ice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 penguin det 2 penguin penguin NOUN Number=Sing 3 waddled nsubj 3 waddled waddle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 across across ADP _ 6 ice case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 ice det 6 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 3 waddled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 waddled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 waddle past the penguin the ice vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across ice=Trajectory
Example 4 Penguins live in the south, not at the North Pole with polar bears.
The tree, 13 words nsubj case det obl punct advmod case det compound obl case amod obl punct root Penguins NOUN live VERB in ADP the DET south NOUN , PUNCT not PART at ADP the DET North PROPN Pole PROPN with ADP polar ADJ bears NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Penguins penguin NOUN Number=Plur 2 live nsubj 2 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 south case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 south det 5 south south NOUN Number=Sing 2 live obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 11 Pole punct 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 Pole advmod 8 at at ADP _ 11 Pole case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 Pole det 10 North North PROPN Number=Sing 11 Pole compound 11 Pole Pole PROPN Number=Sing 2 live obl 12 with with ADP _ 14 bears case 13 polar polar ADJ Degree=Pos 14 bears amod 14 bears bear NOUN Number=Plur 2 live obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Penguins the south at the North Pole; with polar bears vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in south=Location
Example 5 Little penguins come ashore at night in Australia and New Zealand.
amod nsubj advmod case obl case nmod cc flat conj punct root Little ADJ penguins NOUN come VERB ashore ADV at ADP night NOUN in ADP Australia PROPN and CCONJ New PROPN Zealand PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Little little ADJ Degree=Pos 2 penguins amod 2 penguins penguin NOUN Number=Plur 3 come nsubj 3 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 ashore ashore ADV _ 3 come advmod 5 at at ADP _ 6 night case 6 night night NOUN Number=Sing 3 come obl 7 in in ADP _ 8 Australia case 8 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 6 night nmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 Zealand cc 10 New New PROPN Number=Sing 11 Zealand flat 11 Zealand Zealand PROPN Number=Sing 8 Australia conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present Little penguins night ashore property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 A penguin's black back and white front help it hide in the sea.
The tree, 14 words det nmod:poss case amod nsubj cc amod conj obj xcomp case det obl punct root A DET penguin NOUN 's PART black ADJ back NOUN and CCONJ white ADJ front NOUN help VERB it PRON hide VERB in ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 penguin det 2 penguin penguin NOUN Number=Sing 5 back nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 penguin case 4 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 5 back amod 5 back back NOUN Number=Sing 9 help nsubj 6 and and CCONJ _ 8 front cc 7 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 8 front amod 8 front front NOUN Number=Sing 5 back conj 9 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 help obj 11 hide hide VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 help xcomp 12 in in ADP _ 14 sea case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 sea det 14 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 11 hide obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present a penguin's black back and white front front vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 hide infinitive front not said here the sea vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in sea=Location
Example 7 Penguins eat fish, squid and krill.
nsubj obj punct conj cc conj punct root Penguins NOUN eat VERB fish NOUN , PUNCT squid NOUN and CCONJ krill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Penguins penguin NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat nsubj 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 squid punct 5 squid squid NOUN Number=Sing 3 fish conj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 krill cc 7 krill krill NOUN Number=Sing 3 fish conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present Penguins fish and squid and krill vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient
Example 8 The father penguin keeps the egg warm on his feet.
det compound nsubj det obj xcomp case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET father NOUN penguin NOUN keeps VERB the DET egg NOUN warm ADJ on ADP his PRON feet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 penguin det 2 father father NOUN Number=Sing 3 penguin compound 3 penguin penguin NOUN Number=Sing 4 keeps nsubj 4 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 egg det 6 egg egg NOUN Number=Sing 4 keeps obj 7 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 4 keeps xcomp 8 on on ADP _ 10 feet case 9 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 feet nmod:poss 10 feet foot NOUN Number=Plur 4 keeps obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 keeps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep present the father penguin the egg penguin's feet warm property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent egg=Theme on foot=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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