perpetuate Who acts: something, statue, Jokes, film, bats, Sharing · What happens: make, continue, keep, perpetuate, be, share · To what, where: something, memory, unkind stereotypes, myth, fake news, lies
«perpetuate» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: perpetuate in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To make something continue for a long time, often something bad like a myth, an unfair idea or a problem.
The tree, 20 words mark obj xcomp case det amod obl punct advmod conj amod case det nmod punct det amod appos cc det conj punct root To PART make VERB something PRON continue VERB for ADP a DET long ADJ time NOUN , PUNCT often ADV something PRON bad ADJ like ADP a DET myth NOUN , PUNCT an DET unfair ADJ idea NOUN or CCONJ a DET problem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 make mark 2 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 make obj 4 continue continue VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 make xcomp 5 for for ADP _ 8 time case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 time det 7 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 8 time amod 8 time time NOUN Number=Sing 4 continue obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 something punct 10 often often ADV _ 11 something advmod 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 make conj 12 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 11 something amod 13 like like ADP _ 15 myth case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 myth det 15 myth myth NOUN Number=Sing 11 something nmod 16 , , PUNCT _ 19 idea punct 17 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 idea det 18 unfair unfair ADJ Degree=Pos 19 idea amod 19 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 15 myth appos 20 or or CCONJ _ 22 problem cc 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 problem det 22 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 19 idea conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make to-infinitive something tree rules 2 continue infinitive something not said here time vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To keep a memory or name alive.
mark det obj cc conj xcomp punct root To PART keep VERB a DET memory NOUN or CCONJ name NOUN alive ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 keep mark 2 keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 memory det 4 memory memory NOUN Number=Sing 2 keep obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 name cc 6 name name NOUN Number=Sing 4 memory conj 7 alive alive ADJ Degree=Pos 2 keep xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep to-infinitive a memory or name alive property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent memory=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"The statue perpetuates his memory."
punct det nsubj nmod:poss obj punct punct root " PUNCT The DET statue NOUN perpetuates VERB his PRON memory NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 perpetuates punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 statue det 3 statue statue NOUN Number=Sing 4 perpetuates nsubj 4 perpetuates perpetuate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 memory nmod:poss 6 memory memory NOUN Number=Sing 4 perpetuates obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 perpetuates punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 4 perpetuates punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 perpetuate in a quote present the statue statue's memory vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent memory=Patient
Example 1 Jokes like that perpetuate unkind stereotypes.
nsubj case nmod amod obj punct root Jokes NOUN like ADP that PRON perpetuate VERB unkind ADJ stereotypes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Jokes joke NOUN Number=Plur 4 perpetuate nsubj 2 like like ADP _ 3 that case 3 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 1 Jokes nmod 4 perpetuate perpetuate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 unkind unkind ADJ Degree=Pos 6 stereotypes amod 6 stereotypes stereotype NOUN Number=Plur 4 perpetuate obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 perpetuate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 perpetuate present Jokes like that unkind stereotypes vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent stereotype=Patient
Example 2 The film perpetuates the myth that bats are blind.
det nsubj det obj mark nsubj cop acl punct root The DET film NOUN perpetuates VERB the DET myth NOUN that SCONJ bats NOUN are AUX blind ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 film det 2 film film NOUN Number=Sing 3 perpetuates nsubj 3 perpetuates perpetuate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 myth det 5 myth myth NOUN Number=Sing 3 perpetuates obj 6 that that SCONJ _ 9 blind mark 7 bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 9 blind nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 blind cop 9 blind blind ADJ Degree=Pos 5 myth acl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 perpetuates punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 perpetuate present the film the myth vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent myth=Patient 2 is present bats the myth not said here blind property tree rules
Example 3 Sharing fake news perpetuates lies.
csubj amod obj obj punct root Sharing VERB fake ADJ news NOUN perpetuates VERB lies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sharing share VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 perpetuates csubj 2 fake fake ADJ Degree=Pos 3 news amod 3 news news NOUN Number=Sing 1 Sharing obj 4 perpetuates perpetuate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 lies lie NOUN Number=Plur 4 perpetuates obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 perpetuates punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 share gerund fake news tree rules 2 perpetuate present Sharing lies vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent lie=Patient
Example 4 The scholarship perpetuates the memory of a kind teacher.
det nsubj det obj case det amod nmod punct root The DET scholarship NOUN perpetuates VERB the DET memory NOUN of ADP a DET kind ADJ teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 scholarship det 2 scholarship scholarship NOUN Number=Sing 3 perpetuates nsubj 3 perpetuates perpetuate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 memory det 5 memory memory NOUN Number=Sing 3 perpetuates obj 6 of of ADP _ 9 teacher case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 teacher det 8 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 9 teacher amod 9 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 5 memory nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 perpetuates punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 perpetuate present the scholarship the memory of a kind teacher vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent memory=Patient
Example 5 Poverty can perpetuate itself from parents to children.
nsubj aux obj case obl case obl punct root Poverty NOUN can AUX perpetuate VERB itself PRON from ADP parents NOUN to ADP children NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Poverty poverty NOUN Number=Sing 3 perpetuate nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 perpetuate aux 3 perpetuate perpetuate VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 3 perpetuate obj 5 from from ADP _ 6 parents case 6 parents parent NOUN Number=Plur 3 perpetuate obl 7 to to ADP _ 8 children case 8 children child NOUN Number=Plur 3 perpetuate obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 perpetuate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 perpetuate can Poverty Poverty from parents; to children vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent itself=Patient
Example 6 We must not perpetuate unfair rules.
nsubj aux advmod amod obj punct root We PRON must AUX not PART perpetuate VERB unfair ADJ rules NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 perpetuate nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 perpetuate aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 perpetuate advmod 4 perpetuate perpetuate VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 unfair unfair ADJ Degree=Pos 6 rules amod 6 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 4 perpetuate obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 perpetuate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not perpetuate must We unfair rules vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent rule=Patient
Example 7 Or perhaps she had really desired the son instead of the father, and her thwarted desire had perpetuated itself as hate.
The tree, 21 words cc advmod nsubj aux advmod det obj case fixed det obl punct cc nmod:poss amod nsubj:pass aux conj obj case obl punct root Or CCONJ perhaps ADV she PRON had AUX really ADV desired VERB the DET son NOUN instead ADV of ADP the DET father NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ her PRON thwarted VERB desire NOUN had AUX perpetuated VERB itself PRON as ADP hate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Or or CCONJ _ 6 desired cc 2 perhaps perhaps ADV _ 6 desired advmod 3 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 desired nsubj 4 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 desired aux 5 really really ADV _ 6 desired advmod 6 desired desire VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 son det 8 son son NOUN Number=Sing 6 desired obj 9 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 12 father case 10 of of ADP _ 9 instead fixed 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 father det 12 father father NOUN Number=Sing 6 desired obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 19 perpetuated punct 14 and and CCONJ _ 19 perpetuated cc 15 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 17 desire nmod:poss 16 thwarted thwart VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 17 desire amod 17 desire desire NOUN Number=Sing 19 perpetuated nsubj:pass 18 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 19 perpetuated aux 19 perpetuated perpetuate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 desired conj 20 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 19 perpetuated obj 21 as as ADP _ 22 hate case 22 hate hate NOUN Number=Sing 19 perpetuated obl 23 . . PUNCT _ 6 desired punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 desire past · perfect she the son instead the father; perhaps property vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot son=Theme 2 thwart participle tree rules 3 perpetuate past · perfect · passive her thwarted desire as hate tree rules 4 desire her = she nom desire «feeling transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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