perpetually Who acts: it, he, little brother, Earth, dog, Uncle Joe · What happens: stop, seem, be, spin, bark, drip · To what, where: axis, office printer, family
«perpetually» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: perpetually in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 All the time, without stopping; forever.
det:predet det obl:unmarked punct mark punct advmod punct root All DET the DET time NOUN , PUNCT without SCONJ stopping VERB ; PUNCT forever ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 All all DET PronType=Tot 3 time det:predet 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 time det 3 time time NOUN Number=Sing 6 stopping obl:unmarked 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 stopping punct 5 without without SCONJ _ 6 stopping mark 6 stopping stop VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 6 stopping punct 8 forever forever ADV _ 6 stopping advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 stopping punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop gerund time forever property vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Again and again, so often it seems constant: he is perpetually late.
The tree, 12 words advmod cc conj punct advmod advmod nsubj xcomp punct nsubj cop advmod parataxis punct root Again ADV and CCONJ again ADV , PUNCT so ADV often ADV it PRON seems VERB constant ADJ : PUNCT he PRON is AUX perpetually ADV late ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Again again ADV _ 8 seems advmod 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 again cc 3 again again ADV _ 1 Again conj 4 , , PUNCT _ 1 Again punct 5 so so ADV _ 6 often advmod 6 often often ADV _ 8 seems advmod 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 seems nsubj 8 seems seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 constant constant ADJ Degree=Pos 8 seems xcomp 10 : : PUNCT _ 14 late punct 11 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 late nsubj 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 late cop 13 perpetually perpetually ADV _ 14 late advmod 14 late late ADJ Degree=Pos 8 seems parataxis 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 seems punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 seem present it again constant, often property vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme 2 is present he late, perpetually property tree rules
Example 1 My little brother is perpetually hungry.
nmod:poss amod nsubj cop advmod punct root My PRON little ADJ brother NOUN is AUX perpetually ADV hungry ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brother nmod:poss 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 6 hungry nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 hungry cop 5 perpetually perpetually ADV _ 6 hungry advmod 6 hungry hungry ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 hungry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present My little brother hungry, perpetually property tree rules
Example 2 The Earth spins perpetually on its axis.
det nsubj advmod case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET Earth PROPN spins VERB perpetually ADV on ADP its PRON axis NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Earth det 2 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 3 spins nsubj 3 spins spin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 perpetually perpetually ADV _ 3 spins advmod 5 on on ADP _ 7 axis case 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 axis nmod:poss 7 axis axis NOUN Number=Sing 3 spins obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 spins punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spin present the Earth Earth's axis perpetually property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on axis=Trajectory
Example 3 Our neighbour's dog barks perpetually.
nmod:poss nmod:poss case nsubj advmod punct root Our PRON neighbour NOUN 's PART dog NOUN barks VERB perpetually ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 neighbour nmod:poss 2 neighbour neighbour NOUN Number=Sing 4 dog nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 neighbour case 4 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 5 barks nsubj 5 barks bark VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 perpetually perpetually ADV _ 5 barks advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 barks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bark present Our neighbour's dog perpetually property vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Uncle Joe is perpetually late for dinner.
compound nsubj cop advmod case obl punct root Uncle PROPN Joe PROPN is AUX perpetually ADV late ADJ for ADP dinner NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Uncle Uncle PROPN Number=Sing 2 Joe compound 2 Joe Joe PROPN Number=Sing 5 late nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 late cop 4 perpetually perpetually ADV _ 5 late advmod 5 late late ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 for for ADP _ 7 dinner case 7 dinner dinner NOUN Number=Sing 5 late obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 late punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Uncle Joe for dinner; late, perpetually property tree rules
Example 5 The tap dripped perpetually all night.
det nsubj advmod det obl:unmarked punct root The DET tap NOUN dripped VERB perpetually ADV all DET night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 tap det 2 tap tap NOUN Number=Sing 3 dripped nsubj 3 dripped drip VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 perpetually perpetually ADV _ 3 dripped advmod 5 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 night det 6 night night NOUN Number=Sing 3 dripped obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 dripped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drip past the tap night perpetually property vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source
Example 6 She seemed perpetually cheerful.
nsubj advmod xcomp punct root She PRON seemed VERB perpetually ADV cheerful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 seemed nsubj 2 seemed seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 perpetually perpetually ADV _ 4 cheerful advmod 4 cheerful cheerful ADJ Degree=Pos 2 seemed xcomp 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 seemed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 seem past She cheerful property vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme
Example 7 The office printer is perpetually broken.
det compound nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod punct root The DET office NOUN printer NOUN is AUX perpetually ADV broken VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 printer det 2 office office NOUN Number=Sing 3 printer compound 3 printer printer NOUN Number=Sing 6 broken nsubj:pass 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 broken aux:pass 5 perpetually perpetually ADV _ 6 broken advmod 6 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 broken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break present · passive the office printer perpetually property vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 8 The river flows perpetually to the sea.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET river NOUN flows VERB perpetually ADV to ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 river det 2 river river NOUN Number=Sing 3 flows nsubj 3 flows flow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 perpetually perpetually ADV _ 3 flows advmod 5 to to ADP _ 7 sea case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sea det 7 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 3 flows obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 flows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flow present the river to the sea; perpetually property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 A FATHER had a family of sons who were perpetually quarreling among themselves.
det nsubj det obj case nmod nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl case obl punct root A DET FATHER NOUN had VERB a DET family NOUN of ADP sons NOUN who PRON were AUX perpetually ADV quarreling VERB among ADP themselves PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 FATHER det 2 FATHER father NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 family det 5 family family NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 sons case 7 sons son NOUN Number=Plur 5 family nmod 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 11 quarreling nsubj 9 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 quarreling aux 10 perpetually perpetually ADV _ 11 quarreling advmod 11 quarreling quarrel VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 sons acl:relcl 12 among among ADP _ 13 themselves case 13 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 11 quarreling obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past a FATHER a family of sons vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent family=Patient 2 quarrel past · progressive sons among sons = son ; perpetually property vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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