perpetual Who acts: Lasting, it, perpetual crying, baby, lighthouse, She · What happens: last, not end, happen, seem, not stop, work · To what, where: perpetual complaints, mountain tops, motion machine, us, perpetual guard, perpetual fear
«perpetual» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: perpetual in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Lasting forever or for a very long time, never ending.
csubj advmod cc case det advmod amod conj punct advmod punct root Lasting VERB forever ADV or CCONJ for ADP a DET very ADV long ADJ time NOUN , PUNCT never ADV ending VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lasting last VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 ending csubj 2 forever forever ADV _ 1 Lasting advmod 3 or or CCONJ _ 8 time cc 4 for for ADP _ 8 time case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 time det 6 very very ADV _ 7 long advmod 7 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 8 time amod 8 time time NOUN Number=Sing 2 forever conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 ending punct 10 never never ADV PronType=Neg 11 ending advmod 11 ending end VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 12 . . PUNCT _ 11 ending punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 last gerund forever property vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme 2 not end gerund Lasting vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Happening again and again, so often it seems never to stop: perpetual complaints.
The tree, 13 words csubj advmod cc conj punct advmod advmod nsubj advmod mark xcomp punct compound obl punct root Happening VERB again ADV and CCONJ again ADV , PUNCT so ADV often ADV it PRON seems VERB never ADV to PART stop VERB : PUNCT perpetual NOUN complaints NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Happening happen VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 seems csubj 2 again again ADV _ 1 Happening advmod 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 again cc 4 again again ADV _ 2 again conj 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 often punct 6 so so ADV _ 7 often advmod 7 often often ADV _ 9 seems advmod 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 seems nsubj 9 seems seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 never never ADV PronType=Neg 12 stop advmod 11 to to PART _ 12 stop mark 12 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 seems xcomp 13 : : PUNCT _ 15 complaints punct 14 perpetual perpetual NOUN Number=Sing 15 complaints compound 15 complaints complaint NOUN Number=Plur 12 stop obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 9 seems punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen gerund again vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 seem present it often property vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute 3 not stop to-infinitive perpetual complaints vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Meaning 3 Usage: of a calendar or plant — kept apart, not parsed.
Working or flowering year after year without needing changing.
cc conj obj case obl mark advcl xcomp punct root Working VERB or CCONJ flowering VERB year NOUN after ADP year NOUN without SCONJ needing VERB changing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Working work VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 or or CCONJ _ 3 flowering cc 3 flowering flower VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Working conj 4 year year NOUN Number=Sing 3 flowering obj 5 after after ADP _ 6 year case 6 year year NOUN Number=Sing 3 flowering obl 7 without without SCONJ _ 8 needing mark 8 needing need VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Working advcl 9 changing change VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 needing xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Working punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work gerund vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 flower gerund year vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 need gerund vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 4 change not said to happen gerund vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The mountain tops are covered in perpetual snow.
det compound nsubj:pass aux:pass case compound obl punct root The DET mountain NOUN tops NOUN are AUX covered VERB in ADP perpetual NOUN snow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 tops det 2 mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing 3 tops compound 3 tops top NOUN Number=Plur 5 covered nsubj:pass 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 covered aux:pass 5 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 in in ADP _ 8 snow case 7 perpetual perpetual NOUN Number=Sing 8 snow compound 8 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 5 covered obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover present · passive the mountain tops in perpetual snow vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in snow=Theme
Example 2 A perpetual motion machine cannot be built.
det compound compound nsubj:pass aux advmod aux:pass punct root A DET perpetual NOUN motion NOUN machine NOUN can AUX not PART be AUX built VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 machine det 2 perpetual perpetual NOUN Number=Sing 3 motion compound 3 motion motion NOUN Number=Sing 4 machine compound 4 machine machine NOUN Number=Sing 8 built nsubj:pass 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 built aux 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 built advmod 7 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 built aux:pass 8 built build VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 built punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not build can · passive a motion machine vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Example 3 The baby's perpetual crying kept us awake.
det nmod:poss case compound nsubj obj xcomp punct root The DET baby NOUN 's PART perpetual NOUN crying NOUN kept VERB us PRON awake ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 baby det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 5 crying nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 baby case 4 perpetual perpetual NOUN Number=Sing 5 crying compound 5 crying crying NOUN Number=Sing 6 kept nsubj 6 kept keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 kept obj 8 awake awake ADJ Degree=Pos 6 kept xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 kept punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep past the baby's perpetual crying us awake property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme 2 cry the baby nom crying «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 The lighthouse is a perpetual guard of the coast.
det nsubj cop det compound case det nmod punct root The DET lighthouse NOUN is AUX a DET perpetual NOUN guard NOUN of ADP the DET coast NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lighthouse det 2 lighthouse lighthouse NOUN Number=Sing 6 guard nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 guard cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 guard det 5 perpetual perpetual NOUN Number=Sing 6 guard compound 6 guard guard NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 coast case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 coast det 9 coast coast NOUN Number=Sing 6 guard nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 guard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the lighthouse a perpetual guard of the coast tree rules
Example 5 She lived in perpetual fear of spiders.
nsubj case amod obl case nmod punct root She PRON lived VERB in ADP perpetual ADJ fear NOUN of ADP spiders NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 lived nsubj 2 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 fear case 4 perpetual perpetual ADJ Degree=Pos 5 fear amod 5 fear fear NOUN Number=Sing 2 lived obl 6 of of ADP _ 7 spiders case 7 spiders spider NOUN Number=Plur 5 fear nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 lived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live past She perpetual fear of spiders vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in fear=Location 2 fear spiders nom fear «feeling transitive»: of=patient
Example 6 The waterfall makes a perpetual roar.
det nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET waterfall NOUN makes VERB a DET perpetual ADJ roar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 waterfall det 2 waterfall waterfall NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes nsubj 3 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 roar det 5 perpetual perpetual ADJ Degree=Pos 6 roar amod 6 roar roar NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present the waterfall a perpetual roar vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset roar=Product
Example 7 The pattern 1, 2, 1, 2 is perpetual — it never ends.
The tree, 11 words det compound flat punct conj punct flat punct flat cop punct nsubj advmod acl:relcl punct root The DET pattern NOUN 1 NUM , PUNCT 2 NUM , PUNCT 1 NUM , PUNCT 2 NUM is AUX perpetual NOUN — PUNCT it PRON never ADV ends VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pattern det 2 pattern pattern NOUN Number=Sing 11 perpetual compound 3 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 pattern flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 2 punct 5 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 1 conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 1 punct 7 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 1 flat 8 , , PUNCT _ 2 pattern punct 9 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 pattern flat 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 perpetual cop 11 perpetual perpetual NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 — - PUNCT _ 15 ends punct 13 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 ends nsubj 14 never never ADV PronType=Neg 15 ends advmod 15 ends end VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 perpetual acl:relcl 16 . . PUNCT _ 11 perpetual punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present pattern perpetual tree rules 2 not end present perpetual pattern perpetual not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality perpetual=Eventuality
Example 8 THE WEASELS and the Mice waged a perpetual war with each other, in which much blood was shed.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cc det conj det compound obj case obl fixed punct case obl amod nsubj:pass aux:pass conj punct root THE DET WEASELS NOUN and CCONJ the DET Mice NOUN waged VERB a DET perpetual NOUN war NOUN with ADP each DET other ADJ , PUNCT in ADP which PRON much ADJ blood NOUN was AUX shed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 THE the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 WEASELS det 2 WEASELS weasel NOUN Number=Plur 6 waged nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 5 Mice cc 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Mice det 5 Mice mouse NOUN Number=Plur 2 WEASELS conj 6 waged wage VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 war det 8 perpetual perpetual NOUN Number=Sing 9 war compound 9 war war NOUN Number=Sing 6 waged obj 10 with with ADP _ 11 each case 11 each each DET ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp 6 waged obl 12 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 11 each fixed 13 , , PUNCT _ 19 shed punct 14 in in ADP _ 15 which case 15 which which PRON PronType=Rel 19 shed obl 16 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 17 blood amod 17 blood blood NOUN Number=Sing 19 shed nsubj:pass 18 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 19 shed aux:pass 19 shed shed VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 waged conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 waged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wage past the WEASELS and the Mice a perpetual war with each tree rules 2 shed past · passive much blood vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Source
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous perpetratornext → perpetually↑ back to P in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/perpetual/