perplexity

Who acts: Perplexity, He, door, puzzle · What happens: be, puzzle, not know, think, do, stand · To what, where: state, great perplexity, answer, perplexity, much perplexity, him · Speech: someone speaks here

«perplexity» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: perplexity in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Perplexity is a state of being puzzled and not knowing what to think or do.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Perplexity	perplexity	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 state	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 state	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 state	det
4	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	SCONJ	_	7 puzzled	mark
6	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 puzzled	aux:pass
7	puzzled	puzzle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 state	acl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 knowing	cc
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 knowing	advmod
10	knowing	know	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 puzzled	conj
11	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	13 think	obj
12	to	to	PART	_	13 think	mark
13	think	think	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 knowing	ccomp
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 do	cc
15	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 think	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 state	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a	present	Perplexity	a state	tree rules
2	puzzle	gerund · passive		a state not said here	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»
3	not know	gerund			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
4	think speech: other	to-infinitive			vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme
5	do	infinitive			vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

A puzzling thing or problem.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 thing	det
2	puzzling	puzzling	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 thing	amod
3	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 problem	cc
5	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 thing	conj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 thing	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 1

He stood in great perplexity, unable to work out the answer.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stood	nsubj
2	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 perplexity	case
4	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 perplexity	amod
5	perplexity	perplexity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stood	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 unable	punct
7	unable	unable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 stood	conj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 work	mark
9	work	work	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 unable	xcomp
10	out	out	ADP	_	9 work	compound:prt
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 answer	det
12	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 work	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 stood	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand	past	He			great perplexity			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in perplexity=Location
2	work out	to-infinitive	He not said here	the answer					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Topic

Example 2

To her perplexity, the door would not open.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	ADP	_	3 perplexity	case
2	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 perplexity	nmod:poss
3	perplexity	perplexity	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 open	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 perplexity	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 door	det
6	door	door	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 open	nsubj
7	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 open	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 open	advmod
9	open	open	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 open	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not open	would	the door		her perplexity				vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to perplexity=Recipient

Example 3

The puzzle caused him much perplexity.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 puzzle	det
2	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 caused	nsubj
3	caused	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 caused	iobj
5	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 perplexity	amod
6	perplexity	perplexity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 caused	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 caused	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	past	the puzzle	much perplexity	him = he				vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Causer he=Theme perplexity=Eventuality

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/perplexity/