persecute Who acts: people, Many families, Bible, Saul, Roman emperors, Refugees · What happens: persecute, be, mean, keep, bother, flee · To what, where: people, religion, someone, them, country, families · Speech: someone speaks here
«persecute» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: persecute in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To persecute people is to treat them cruelly and unfairly for a long time, especially because of their religion, race, beliefs or who they are.
The tree, 25 words mark advcl obj cop mark obj advmod cc conj case det amod obl punct advmod case fixed nmod:poss parataxis punct conj punct conj cc conj nsubj cop punct root To PART persecute VERB people NOUN is AUX to PART treat VERB them PRON cruelly ADV and CCONJ unfairly ADV for ADP a DET long ADJ time NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV because ADP of ADP their PRON religion NOUN , PUNCT race NOUN , PUNCT beliefs NOUN or CCONJ who PRON they PRON are AUX . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 persecute mark 2 persecute persecute VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 treat advcl 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 2 persecute obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 treat cop 5 to to PART _ 6 treat mark 6 treat treat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 treat obj 8 cruelly cruelly ADV _ 6 treat advmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 unfairly cc 10 unfairly unfairly ADV _ 8 cruelly conj 11 for for ADP _ 14 time case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 time det 13 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 14 time amod 14 time time NOUN Number=Sing 6 treat obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 20 religion punct 16 especially especially ADV _ 20 religion advmod 17 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 20 religion case 18 of of ADP _ 17 because fixed 19 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 20 religion nmod:poss 20 religion religion NOUN Number=Sing 6 treat parataxis 21 , , PUNCT _ 22 race punct 22 race race NOUN Number=Sing 20 religion conj 23 , , PUNCT _ 24 beliefs punct 24 beliefs belief NOUN Number=Plur 20 religion conj 25 or or CCONJ _ 26 who cc 26 who who PRON PronType=Rel 24 beliefs conj 27 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 26 who nsubj 28 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 26 who cop 29 . . PUNCT _ 6 treat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 persecute to-infinitive people vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient 2 is present time cruelly, treat property tree rules 3 is a present people people's religion and race and beliefs tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To persecute someone can also mean to keep annoying or bothering them.
mark csubj obj aux advmod mark xcomp xcomp cc conj obj punct root To PART persecute VERB someone PRON can AUX also ADV mean VERB to PART keep VERB annoying ADJ or CCONJ bothering VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 persecute mark 2 persecute persecute VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 mean csubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 persecute obj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 mean aux 5 also also ADV _ 6 mean advmod 6 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 to to PART _ 8 keep mark 8 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 mean xcomp 9 annoying annoying ADJ Degree=Pos 8 keep xcomp 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 bothering cc 11 bothering bother VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 annoying conj 12 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 bothering obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 persecute to-infinitive someone vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 keep not said to happen to-infinitive annoying property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 bother gerund them = they vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer
Example 1 Many families fled their country because they were persecuted for their religion.
amod nsubj nmod:poss obj mark nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl case nmod:poss obl punct root Many ADJ families NOUN fled VERB their PRON country NOUN because SCONJ they PRON were AUX persecuted VERB for ADP their PRON religion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 families amod 2 families family NOUN Number=Plur 3 fled nsubj 3 fled flee VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 country nmod:poss 5 country country NOUN Number=Sing 3 fled obj 6 because because SCONJ _ 9 persecuted mark 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 persecuted nsubj:pass 8 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 persecuted aux:pass 9 persecuted persecute VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 fled advcl 10 for for ADP _ 12 religion case 11 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 religion nmod:poss 12 religion religion NOUN Number=Sing 9 persecuted obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 fled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flee past Many families families's country vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme country=Initial_Location 2 persecute past · passive families = family for families's religion vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Patient for religion=Theme
Example 2 (Bible) Before he became Paul, Saul persecuted the followers of Jesus.
The tree, 11 words punct nsubj punct mark nsubj xcomp punct nsubj conj det obj case nmod punct root ( PUNCT Bible PROPN ) PUNCT Before SCONJ he PRON became VERB Paul PROPN , PUNCT Saul PROPN persecuted VERB the DET followers NOUN of ADP Jesus PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Bible punct 2 Bible Bible PROPN Number=Sing 6 became nsubj 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Bible punct 4 Before before SCONJ _ 6 became mark 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 became nsubj 6 became become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 Paul Paul PROPN Number=Sing 6 became xcomp 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 persecuted punct 9 Saul Saul PROPN Number=Sing 10 persecuted nsubj 10 persecuted persecute VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 became conj 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 followers det 12 followers follower NOUN Number=Plur 10 persecuted obj 13 of of ADP _ 14 Jesus case 14 Jesus Jesus PROPN Number=Sing 12 followers nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 became punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become past Bible vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 2 persecute past Saul the followers of Jesus vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent follower=Patient
Example 3 The early Christians were persecuted by Roman emperors.
det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod obl punct root The DET early ADJ Christians PROPN were AUX persecuted VERB by ADP Roman ADJ emperors NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Christians det 2 early early ADJ Degree=Pos 3 Christians amod 3 Christians Christian PROPN Number=Plur 5 persecuted nsubj:pass 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 persecuted aux:pass 5 persecuted persecute VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 by by ADP _ 8 emperors case 7 Roman roman ADJ Degree=Pos 8 emperors amod 8 emperors emperor NOUN Number=Plur 5 persecuted obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 persecuted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 persecute past · passive Roman emperors the early Christians vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
Example 4 People should never be persecuted for the colour of their skin.
nsubj aux advmod aux:pass case det obl case nmod:poss nmod punct root People NOUN should AUX never ADV be AUX persecuted VERB for ADP the DET colour NOUN of ADP their PRON skin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 5 persecuted nsubj 2 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 persecuted aux 3 never never ADV PronType=Neg 5 persecuted advmod 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 persecuted aux:pass 5 persecuted persecute VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 for for ADP _ 8 colour case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 colour det 8 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 5 persecuted obl 9 of of ADP _ 11 skin case 10 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 skin nmod:poss 11 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 8 colour nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 persecuted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not persecute should · passive People for the colour of People's skin vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Patient for colour=Theme
Example 5 Refugees often escape from being persecuted.
nsubj advmod mark aux:pass xcomp punct root Refugees NOUN often ADV escape VERB from SCONJ being AUX persecuted VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Refugees refugee NOUN Number=Plur 3 escape nsubj 2 often often ADV _ 3 escape advmod 3 escape escape VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 from from SCONJ _ 6 persecuted mark 5 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 persecuted aux:pass 6 persecuted persecute VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 escape xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 escape punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 escape present Refugees often property tree rules 2 persecute gerund · passive Refugees not said here vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»
Example 6 The bullies persecuted him with nasty messages for weeks.
det nsubj obj case amod obl case obl punct root The DET bullies NOUN persecuted VERB him PRON with ADP nasty ADJ messages NOUN for ADP weeks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bullies det 2 bullies bully NOUN Number=Plur 3 persecuted nsubj 3 persecuted persecute VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 persecuted obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 messages case 6 nasty nasty ADJ Degree=Pos 7 messages amod 7 messages message NOUN Number=Plur 3 persecuted obl 8 for for ADP _ 9 weeks case 9 weeks week NOUN Number=Plur 3 persecuted obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 persecuted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 persecute past the bullies him = he week with nasty messages vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.attribute»: agent=Agent he=Patient with message=Theme
Example 7 Nevertheless, he does not cease to persecute me and to kill my subjects.
The tree, 13 words advmod punct nsubj aux advmod mark xcomp obj cc mark conj nmod:poss obj punct root Nevertheless ADV , PUNCT he PRON does AUX not PART cease VERB to PART persecute VERB me PRON and CCONJ to PART kill VERB my PRON subjects NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nevertheless nevertheless ADV _ 6 cease advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Nevertheless punct 3 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 cease nsubj 4 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 cease aux 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 cease advmod 6 cease cease VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 to to PART _ 8 persecute mark 8 persecute persecute VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 cease xcomp 9 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 persecute obj 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 kill cc 11 to to PART _ 12 kill mark 12 kill kill VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 persecute conj 13 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 subjects nmod:poss 14 subjects subject NOUN Number=Plur 12 kill obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 cease punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not cease present · do-support he nevertheless property vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 persecute to-infinitive he not said here me vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient 3 kill to-infinitive he not said here my subjects vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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