persecution

Who acts: beliefs, Roman emperors, early Christians, Many refugees, Pilgrims, Saint Paul · What happens: be, treat, persecute, suffer, flee, leave · To what, where: Cruel treatment, person, early Christians, many faith groups, persecution, Rome · Speech: someone speaks here

«persecution» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: persecution in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Cruel and unfair treatment of a person or group, especially because of their religion, race, beliefs or who they are.

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cruel	cruel	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 treatment	amod
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 unfair	cc
3	unfair	unfair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Cruel	conj
4	treatment	treatment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 person	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 person	det
7	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 treatment	nmod
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 group	cc
9	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 person	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 religion	punct
11	especially	especially	ADV	_	15 religion	advmod
12	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	15 religion	case
13	of	of	ADP	_	12 because	fixed
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 religion	nmod:poss
15	religion	religion	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 person	conj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 race	punct
17	race	race	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 religion	conj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 beliefs	punct
19	beliefs	belief	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 treatment	appos
20	or	or	CCONJ	_	21 who	cc
21	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 beliefs	conj
22	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 who	nsubj
23	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 who	cop
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 treatment	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	beliefs = belief	Cruel treatment of a person or group and person's religion and race					tree rules
2	treat			a person or group and person's religion and race					nom treatment «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: church, history — kept apart, not parsed.

The persecution of the early Christians by some Roman emperors, and the persecution of many faith groups through history and today.

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 persecution	det
2	persecution	persecution	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 Christians	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Christians	det
5	early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 Christians	amod
6	Christians	Christian	PROPN	Number=Plur	2 persecution	nmod
7	by	by	ADP	_	10 emperors	case
8	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	10 emperors	det
9	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 emperors	amod
10	emperors	emperor	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 persecution	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 persecution	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 persecution	cc
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 persecution	det
14	persecution	persecution	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 persecution	conj
15	of	of	ADP	_	18 groups	case
16	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 groups	amod
17	faith	faith	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 groups	compound
18	groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 persecution	nmod
19	through	through	ADP	_	20 history	case
20	history	history	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 groups	nmod
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 today	cc
22	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 groups	conj
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 persecution	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	persecute		some Roman emperors	the early Christians					nom persecution «act transitive»: of=patient by=agent
2	persecute			many faith groups through history and today					nom persecution «act transitive»: of=patient

Example 1

The early Christians suffered persecution in Rome.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Christians	det
2	early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 Christians	amod
3	Christians	Christian	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 suffered	nsubj
4	suffered	suffer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	persecution	persecution	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 suffered	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 Rome	case
7	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 suffered	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 suffered	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	suffer	past	the early Christians	persecution		Rome			vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer persecution=Stimulus

Example 2

Many refugees flee persecution in their countries.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 refugees	amod
2	refugees	refugee	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 flee	nsubj
3	flee	flee	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	persecution	persecution	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flee	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 countries	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 countries	nmod:poss
7	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 flee	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 flee	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flee	present	Many refugees	persecution		refugees's countries			vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme persecution=Initial_Location

Example 3

Religious persecution is when people are hurt for their faith.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Religious	religious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 persecution	amod
2	persecution	persecution	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hurt	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 hurt	cop
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	7 hurt	advmod
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 hurt	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 hurt	aux:pass
7	hurt	hurt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 faith	case
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 faith	nmod:poss
10	faith	faith	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hurt	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 hurt	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present · passive		Religious persecution				for people's faith; hurt property	tree rules

Example 4

The Pilgrims left England partly to escape persecution.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Pilgrims	det
2	Pilgrims	Pilgrim	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 left	nsubj
3	left	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	England	England	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 left	obj
5	partly	partly	ADV	_	3 left	advmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 escape	mark
7	escape	escape	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 left	advcl
8	persecution	persecution	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 escape	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 left	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	past	the Pilgrims	England				partly property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent england=Theme
2	escape	to-infinitive	the Pilgrims not said here	persecution					vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme persecution=Initial_Location

Example 5

Saint Paul at first led the persecution of Christians.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Saint	Saint	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Paul	compound
2	Paul	Paul	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 led	nsubj
3	at	at	ADP	_	4 first	case
4	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	5 led	obl
5	led	lead	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 persecution	det
7	persecution	persecution	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 led	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 Christians	case
9	Christians	Christian	PROPN	Number=Plur	7 persecution	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 led	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lead	past	Saint Paul	the persecution of Christians					vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent persecution=Theme at first=Destination
2	persecute			Christians					nom persecution «act transitive»: of=patient

Example 6

Bullying a group because of who they are is a kind of persecution.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bullying	bully	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 kind	csubj
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 group	det
3	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Bullying	obj
4	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	6 who	case
5	of	of	ADP	_	4 because	fixed
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	1 Bullying	parataxis
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 who	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 who	cop
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 kind	cop
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 kind	det
11	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 persecution	case
13	persecution	persecution	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 kind	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 kind	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	bully	gerund		a group		vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent group=Beneficiary
2	is	present	they		because a kind	tree rules
3	is a	present	Bullying	a kind	of persecution	tree rules

Example 7

It is said the quarrel grew out of the persecution the race of Geese suffered at the teeth of the Fox family.

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 said	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 said	aux:pass
3	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 quarrel	det
5	quarrel	quarrel	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 grew	nsubj
6	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 said	ccomp
7	out	out	ADP	_	10 persecution	case
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 persecution	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 persecution	det
10	persecution	persecution	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 grew	obl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 race	det
12	race	race	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 suffered	nsubj
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 Geese	case
14	Geese	goose	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 race	nmod
15	suffered	suffer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 persecution	acl:relcl
16	at	at	ADP	_	18 teeth	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 teeth	det
18	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 suffered	obl
19	of	of	ADP	_	22 family	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 family	det
21	Fox	fox	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 family	compound
22	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 teeth	nmod
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · passive		It		tree rules
2	grow out	past	the quarrel	the persecution		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location persecution=Theme
3	suffer	past	the race of Geese	the persecution not said here	the teeth of the Fox family	vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer persecution=Stimulus
4	race		Geese			nom race «event intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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