personification Who acts: Personification, way, things, wind, sun, character · What happens: be, give, not be, howl, smile down, stand · To what, where: way, human feelings, things, person, personification, secrets · Speech: someone speaks here
«personification» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: personification in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Personification is a way of writing that gives human feelings or actions to things that are not human: «The wind howled.» «The sun smiled down.».
Sentence 1: Personification is a way of writing that gives human feelings or actions to things that are not human: «The wind howled.»
The tree, 21 words nsubj cop det case nmod nsubj acl:relcl amod obj cc conj case obl nsubj cop advmod acl:relcl punct punct det nsubj advcl punct punct root Personification NOUN is AUX a DET way NOUN of ADP writing NOUN that PRON gives VERB human ADJ feelings NOUN or CCONJ actions NOUN to ADP things NOUN that PRON are AUX not PART human ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET wind NOUN howled VERB . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Personification personification NOUN Number=Sing 4 way nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 way cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 way det 4 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 writing case 6 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 4 way nmod 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 gives nsubj 8 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 way acl:relcl 9 human human ADJ Degree=Pos 10 feelings amod 10 feelings feeling NOUN Number=Plur 8 gives obj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 actions cc 12 actions action NOUN Number=Plur 10 feelings conj 13 to to ADP _ 14 things case 14 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 8 gives obl 15 that that PRON PronType=Rel 18 human nsubj 16 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 human cop 17 not not PART Polarity=Neg 18 human advmod 18 human human ADJ Degree=Pos 14 things acl:relcl 19 : : PUNCT _ 23 howled punct 20 « « PUNCT _ 23 howled punct 21 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 wind det 22 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 23 howled nsubj 23 howled howl VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 18 human advcl 24 . . PUNCT _ 4 way punct 25 » » PUNCT _ 4 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Personification a way of writing tree rules 2 give present a way human feelings or actions things vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent feeling=Theme to thing=Recipient 3 not is present things human property tree rules 4 howl in a quote past the wind vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: «The sun smiled down.».
punct det nsubj advmod punct punct punct root « PUNCT The DET sun NOUN smiled VERB down ADV . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 smiled punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 sun det 3 sun sun NOUN Number=Sing 4 smiled nsubj 4 smiled smile VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 down down ADV _ 4 smiled advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 smiled punct 7 » » PUNCT _ 4 smiled punct 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 smiled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 smile down in a quote past the sun down property vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 2 A personification of something is a person or character who stands for an idea.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj case nmod cop det cc conj nsubj acl:relcl case det obl punct root A DET personification NOUN of ADP something PRON is AUX a DET person NOUN or CCONJ character NOUN who PRON stands VERB for ADP an DET idea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 personification det 2 personification personification NOUN Number=Sing 7 person nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 personification nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 person cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 person det 7 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 character cc 9 character character NOUN Number=Sing 7 person conj 10 who who PRON PronType=Rel 11 stands nsubj 11 stands stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 character acl:relcl 12 for for ADP _ 14 idea case 13 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 idea det 14 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 11 stands obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a personification of something a person or character tree rules 2 stand present character for a idea vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for idea=Attribute
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
Father Time is a personification of time.
compound nsubj cop det case nmod punct root Father PROPN Time PROPN is AUX a DET personification NOUN of ADP time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Father Father PROPN Number=Sing 2 Time compound 2 Time Time PROPN Number=Sing 5 personification nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 personification cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 personification det 5 personification personification NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 time case 7 time time NOUN Number=Sing 5 personification nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 personification punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Father Time a personification time tree rules
Example 1 «The trees whispered secrets» is personification.
punct det nsubj csubj obj punct cop punct root « PUNCT The DET trees NOUN whispered VERB secrets NOUN » PUNCT is AUX personification NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 whispered punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 trees det 3 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 4 whispered nsubj 4 whispered whisper VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 personification csubj 5 secrets secret NOUN Number=Plur 4 whispered obj 6 » » PUNCT _ 4 whispered punct 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 personification cop 8 personification personification NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 personification punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 whisper speech: assert in a quote past the trees secrets vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent secret=Topic 2 is a present personification tree rules
Example 2 Underline the personification in the poem.
det obj case det obl punct root Underline VERB the DET personification NOUN in ADP the DET poem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Underline underline VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 personification det 3 personification personification NOUN Number=Sing 1 Underline obj 4 in in ADP _ 6 poem case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 poem det 6 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 1 Underline obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Underline punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 underline imperative you not said here the personification the poem vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent personification=Theme in poem=Destination
Example 3 «The angry sea swallowed the boat» uses personification.
punct det amod nsubj csubj det obj punct obj punct root « PUNCT The DET angry ADJ sea NOUN swallowed VERB the DET boat NOUN » PUNCT uses VERB personification NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 swallowed punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 sea det 3 angry angry ADJ Degree=Pos 4 sea amod 4 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 5 swallowed nsubj 5 swallowed swallow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 uses csubj 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 boat det 7 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 5 swallowed obj 8 » » PUNCT _ 5 swallowed punct 9 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 personification personification NOUN Number=Sing 9 uses obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 9 uses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swallow in a quote past the angry sea the boat vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boat=Patient 2 use present personification vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent personification=Patient
Example 4 Father Christmas is a personification of Christmas giving.
flat nsubj cop det case obl acl punct root Father PROPN Christmas PROPN is AUX a DET personification NOUN of ADP Christmas PROPN giving VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Father Father PROPN Number=Sing 2 Christmas flat 2 Christmas Christmas PROPN Number=Sing 5 personification nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 personification cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 personification det 5 personification personification NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 Christmas case 7 Christmas Christmas PROPN Number=Sing 8 giving obl 8 giving give VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 personification acl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 personification punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Father Christmas a personification tree rules 2 give gerund a personification not said here of Christmas vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 5 The old car coughed and groaned up the hill.
det amod nsubj cc conj compound:prt det obj punct root The DET old ADJ car NOUN coughed VERB and CCONJ groaned VERB up ADP the DET hill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 car det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 car amod 3 car car NOUN Number=Sing 4 coughed nsubj 4 coughed cough VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 groaned cc 6 groaned groan VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 coughed conj 7 up up ADP _ 6 groaned compound:prt 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 hill det 9 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 6 groaned obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 coughed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cough past the old car vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 groan up past the old car not said here the hill vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hill=Theme
Example 6 She was the personification of kindness.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct root She PRON was AUX the DET personification NOUN of ADP kindness NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 personification nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 personification cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 personification det 4 personification personification NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 kindness case 6 kindness kindness NOUN Number=Sing 4 personification nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 personification punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past She the personification of kindness tree rules
Example 7 Hebe was the personification of eternal youth under its most attractive and joyous aspect.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop det case amod nmod case nmod:poss advmod amod cc conj nmod punct root Hebe PROPN was AUX the DET personification NOUN of ADP eternal ADJ youth NOUN under ADP its PRON most ADV attractive ADJ and CCONJ joyous ADJ aspect NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hebe Hebe PROPN Number=Sing 4 personification nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 personification cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 personification det 4 personification personification NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 youth case 6 eternal eternal ADJ Degree=Pos 7 youth amod 7 youth youth NOUN Number=Sing 4 personification nmod 8 under under ADP _ 14 aspect case 9 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 aspect nmod:poss 10 most most ADV Degree=Sup 11 attractive advmod 11 attractive attractive ADJ Degree=Pos 14 aspect amod 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 joyous cc 13 joyous joyous ADJ Degree=Pos 11 attractive conj 14 aspect aspect NOUN Number=Sing 7 youth nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 personification punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Hebe the personification of eternal youth under youth's attractive aspect tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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