perspire Who acts: you, People, He, Animals, runners, body · What happens: sweat, give off, be, work, perspire, begin · To what, where: liquid, skin, more, stage, water, heat
«perspire» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: perspire in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal or polite — kept apart, not parsed.
To sweat; to give off liquid through your skin when you are hot, nervous or working hard.
The tree, 17 words mark punct mark conj compound:prt obj case nmod:poss obl advmod nsubj cop advcl punct conj cc conj advmod punct root To PART sweat VERB ; PUNCT to PART give VERB off ADP liquid NOUN through ADP your PRON skin NOUN when ADV you PRON are AUX hot ADJ , PUNCT nervous ADJ or CCONJ working VERB hard ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sweat mark 2 sweat sweat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 ; ; PUNCT _ 5 give punct 4 to to PART _ 5 give mark 5 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 sweat conj 6 off off ADP _ 5 give compound:prt 7 liquid liquid NOUN Number=Sing 5 give obj 8 through through ADP _ 10 skin case 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 skin nmod:poss 10 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 5 give obl 11 when when ADV PronType=Int 14 hot advmod 12 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 14 hot nsubj 13 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 hot cop 14 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 5 give advcl 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 nervous punct 16 nervous nervous ADJ Degree=Pos 14 hot conj 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 working cc 18 working work VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 14 hot conj 19 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 18 working advmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 2 sweat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sweat to-infinitive vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 give off to-infinitive liquid your skin vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source liquid=Theme 3 is present you hot property tree rules 4 be you not said here tree rules 5 work gerund you not said here hard property vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 People perspire more on hot days.
nsubj obj case amod obl punct root People NOUN perspire VERB more ADJ on ADP hot ADJ days NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 2 perspire nsubj 2 perspire perspire VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 perspire obj 4 on on ADP _ 6 days case 5 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 6 days amod 6 days day NOUN Number=Plur 2 perspire obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 perspire punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 perspire present People more day vn exhale-40.1.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Theme
Example 2 He began to perspire as he waited for his turn on stage.
nsubj mark xcomp mark nsubj ccomp case nmod:poss obl case obl punct root He PRON began VERB to PART perspire VERB as SCONJ he PRON waited VERB for ADP his PRON turn NOUN on ADP stage NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 began nsubj 2 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 perspire mark 4 perspire perspire VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 began xcomp 5 as as SCONJ _ 7 waited mark 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 waited nsubj 7 waited wait VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 perspire ccomp 8 for for ADP _ 10 turn case 9 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 turn nmod:poss 10 turn turn NOUN Number=Sing 7 waited obl 11 on on ADP _ 12 stage case 12 stage stage NOUN Number=Sing 7 waited obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 began punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 begin past He vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 perspire to-infinitive He not said here tree rules 3 wait past he stage for his turn vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on stage=Location
Example 3 Animals like dogs do not perspire much; they pant instead.
nsubj case nmod aux advmod advmod punct nsubj parataxis advmod punct root Animals NOUN like ADP dogs NOUN do AUX not PART perspire VERB much ADV ; PUNCT they PRON pant VERB instead ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 6 perspire nsubj 2 like like ADP _ 3 dogs case 3 dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur 1 Animals nmod 4 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 perspire aux 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 perspire advmod 6 perspire perspire VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 much much ADV _ 6 perspire advmod 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 pant punct 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 pant nsubj 10 pant pant VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 perspire parataxis 11 instead instead ADV _ 10 pant advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 perspire punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not perspire present · do-support Animals like dogs vn exhale-40.1.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 pant present Animals = animal instead property vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Drink water because you lose water when you perspire.
obj mark nsubj advcl obj advmod nsubj advcl punct root Drink VERB water NOUN because SCONJ you PRON lose VERB water NOUN when ADV you PRON perspire VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Drink drink VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 water water NOUN Number=Sing 1 Drink obj 3 because because SCONJ _ 5 lose mark 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 lose nsubj 5 lose lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Drink advcl 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 lose obj 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 perspire advmod 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 perspire nsubj 9 perspire perspire VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 lose advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Drink punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drink imperative you not said here water vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient 2 lose present you water vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Eventuality 3 perspire present you vn exhale-40.1.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 The runners perspired in the heat.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET runners NOUN perspired VERB in ADP the DET heat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 runners det 2 runners runner NOUN Number=Plur 3 perspired nsubj 3 perspired perspire VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 heat case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 heat det 6 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 3 perspired obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 perspired punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 perspire past the runners the heat vn exhale-40.1.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Our body perspires to cool itself down.
nmod:poss nsubj mark xcomp obj compound:prt punct root Our PRON body NOUN perspires VERB to PART cool VERB itself PRON down ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 body nmod:poss 2 body body NOUN Number=Sing 3 perspires nsubj 3 perspires perspire VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 cool mark 5 cool cool VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 perspires xcomp 6 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 5 cool obj 7 down down ADP _ 5 cool compound:prt 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 perspires punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 perspire present Our body tree rules 2 cool down to-infinitive Our body not said here body vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent itself=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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