perturbation Who acts: planet, She, Small perturbations, He, tiny perturbation, perturbation · What happens: be, pull, show, help, find, listen · To what, where: orbit, perturbation, Neptune, spacecraft, path, weather
«perturbation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: perturbation in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
Worry or anxiety; being upset.
cc conj punct cop parataxis punct root Worry NOUN or CCONJ anxiety NOUN ; PUNCT being AUX upset ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Worry worry NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 or or CCONJ _ 3 anxiety cc 3 anxiety anxiety NOUN Number=Sing 1 Worry conj 4 ; ; PUNCT _ 6 upset punct 5 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 upset cop 6 upset upset ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Worry parataxis 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Worry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is gerund upset property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"She showed no perturbation."
punct nsubj det obj punct punct root " PUNCT She PRON showed VERB no DET perturbation NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 showed punct 2 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 showed nsubj 3 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 no no DET PronType=Neg 5 perturbation det 5 perturbation perturbation NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 showed punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 3 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show in a quote past She no perturbation vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent perturbation=Recipient
Meaning 2 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
A small change or disturbance in the movement or state of something, such as a planet's orbit being pulled by another planet.
The tree, 23 words det amod cc conj case det nmod cc conj case nmod punct case fixed det nmod:poss case nmod aux:pass acl case det obl punct root A DET small ADJ change NOUN or CCONJ disturbance NOUN in ADP the DET movement NOUN or CCONJ state NOUN of ADP something PRON , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET planet NOUN 's PART orbit NOUN being AUX pulled VERB by ADP another DET planet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 change det 2 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 3 change amod 3 change change NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 disturbance cc 5 disturbance disturbance NOUN Number=Sing 3 change conj 6 in in ADP _ 8 movement case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 movement det 8 movement movement NOUN Number=Sing 3 change nmod 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 state cc 10 state state NOUN Number=Sing 8 movement conj 11 of of ADP _ 12 something case 12 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 state nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 19 orbit punct 14 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 19 orbit case 15 as as ADP _ 14 such fixed 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 planet det 17 planet planet NOUN Number=Sing 19 orbit nmod:poss 18 's 's PART _ 17 planet case 19 orbit orbit NOUN Number=Sing 12 something nmod 20 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 21 pulled aux:pass 21 pulled pull VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 19 orbit acl 22 by by ADP _ 24 planet case 23 another another DET PronType=Ind 24 planet det 24 planet planet NOUN Number=Sing 21 pulled obl 25 . . PUNCT _ 3 change punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull gerund · passive another planet a planet's orbit not said here vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 Small perturbations in Uranus's orbit helped find Neptune.
amod nsubj case nmod:poss case nmod xcomp obj punct root Small ADJ perturbations NOUN in ADP Uranus PROPN 's PART orbit NOUN helped VERB find VERB Neptune PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Small small ADJ Degree=Pos 2 perturbations amod 2 perturbations perturbation NOUN Number=Plur 7 helped nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 6 orbit case 4 Uranus Uranus PROPN Number=Sing 6 orbit nmod:poss 5 's 's PART _ 4 Uranus case 6 orbit orbit NOUN Number=Sing 2 perturbations nmod 7 helped help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 helped xcomp 9 Neptune Neptune PROPN Number=Sing 8 find obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 helped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help past Small perturbations in Uranus's orbit vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 find infinitive Small perturbations in Uranus's orbit not said here Neptune vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neptune=Topic
Example 2 He listened without any sign of perturbation.
nsubj case det obl case nmod punct root He PRON listened VERB without ADP any DET sign NOUN of ADP perturbation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 listened nsubj 2 listened listen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 without without ADP _ 5 sign case 4 any any DET PronType=Ind 5 sign det 5 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 2 listened obl 6 of of ADP _ 7 perturbation case 7 perturbation perturbation NOUN Number=Sing 5 sign nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 listened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 listen past He without any sign of perturbation vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 2 sign perturbation nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 3 The spacecraft corrected for perturbations in its path.
det acl case obl case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET spacecraft NOUN corrected VERB for ADP perturbations NOUN in ADP its PRON path NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 spacecraft det 2 spacecraft spacecraft NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 corrected correct VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 spacecraft acl 4 for for ADP _ 5 perturbations case 5 perturbations perturbation NOUN Number=Plur 3 corrected obl 6 in in ADP _ 8 path case 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 path nmod:poss 8 path path NOUN Number=Sing 3 corrected obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 spacecraft punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 correct speech: disagree participle the spacecraft not said here spacecraft's path for perturbations vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent
Example 4 A tiny perturbation can change the weather a lot.
det amod nsubj aux det obj det obl:unmarked punct root A DET tiny ADJ perturbation NOUN can AUX change VERB the DET weather NOUN a DET lot NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 perturbation det 2 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 3 perturbation amod 3 perturbation perturbation NOUN Number=Sing 5 change nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 change aux 5 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 weather det 7 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 5 change obj 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 lot det 9 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 5 change obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 change punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 change can a tiny perturbation the weather a lot obl:unmarked vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weather=Patient
Example 5 Her perturbation grew as the dog did not come home.
nmod:poss nsubj mark det nsubj aux advmod advcl advmod punct root Her PRON perturbation NOUN grew VERB as SCONJ the DET dog NOUN did AUX not PART come VERB home ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 perturbation nmod:poss 2 perturbation perturbation NOUN Number=Sing 3 grew nsubj 3 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 as as SCONJ _ 9 come mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 dog det 6 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 9 come nsubj 7 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 come aux 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 come advmod 9 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 grew advcl 10 home home ADV _ 9 come advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 grew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow past Her perturbation vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 not come past · do-support the dog home property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 perturb Her = she nom perturbation «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Scientists measured the perturbation caused by the moon.
nsubj det obj acl case det obl punct root Scientists NOUN measured VERB the DET perturbation NOUN caused VERB by ADP the DET moon NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 2 measured nsubj 2 measured measure VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 perturbation det 4 perturbation perturbation NOUN Number=Sing 2 measured obj 5 caused cause VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 perturbation acl 6 by by ADP _ 8 moon case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 moon det 8 moon moon NOUN Number=Sing 5 caused obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 measured punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 measure past Scientists the perturbation vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme perturbation=Value 2 cause participle the perturbation not said here by the moon vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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