pest Who acts: pest, insect, child, Rabbits, Slugs, pests · What happens: be, harm, keep, bother, eat, call · To what, where: insect, crops, annoying person, you, big pest, pests · Speech: someone speaks here
«pest» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pest in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A pest is an insect or animal that harms crops, food, gardens or homes, such as rats, mice, cockroaches or greenfly.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det cc conj nsubj acl:relcl obj punct conj punct conj cc conj punct case fixed conj punct conj punct conj cc conj punct root A DET pest NOUN is AUX an DET insect NOUN or CCONJ animal NOUN that PRON harms VERB crops NOUN , PUNCT food NOUN , PUNCT gardens NOUN or CCONJ homes NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP rats NOUN , PUNCT mice NOUN , PUNCT cockroaches NOUN or CCONJ greenfly NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pest det 2 pest pest NOUN Number=Sing 5 insect nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 insect cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 insect det 5 insect insect NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 animal cc 7 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 5 insect conj 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 harms nsubj 9 harms harm VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 insect acl:relcl 10 crops crop NOUN Number=Plur 9 harms obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 food punct 12 food food NOUN Number=Sing 10 crops conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 gardens punct 14 gardens garden NOUN Number=Plur 10 crops conj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 homes cc 16 homes home NOUN Number=Plur 10 crops conj 17 , , PUNCT _ 20 rats punct 18 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 20 rats case 19 as as ADP _ 18 such fixed 20 rats rat NOUN Number=Plur 10 crops conj 21 , , PUNCT _ 22 mice punct 22 mice mouse NOUN Number=Plur 10 crops conj 23 , , PUNCT _ 24 cockroaches punct 24 cockroaches cockroach NOUN Number=Plur 10 crops conj 25 or or CCONJ _ 26 greenfly cc 26 greenfly greenfly NOUN Number=Sing 10 crops conj 27 . . PUNCT _ 5 insect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a pest a insect or animal tree rules 2 harm present a insect or animal crops and food and gardens or homes and rats and mice and cockroaches or greenfly vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus crop=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A pest is also an annoying person, especially a child who keeps bothering you.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop advmod det amod punct advmod det conj nsubj acl:relcl xcomp obj punct root A DET pest NOUN is AUX also ADV an DET annoying ADJ person NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV a DET child NOUN who PRON keeps VERB bothering VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pest det 2 pest pest NOUN Number=Sing 7 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 person cop 4 also also ADV _ 7 person advmod 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 person det 6 annoying annoying ADJ Degree=Pos 7 person amod 7 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 child punct 9 especially especially ADV _ 11 child advmod 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 child det 11 child child NOUN Number=Sing 7 person conj 12 who who PRON PronType=Rel 13 keeps nsubj 13 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 child acl:relcl 14 bothering bother VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 keeps xcomp 15 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 14 bothering obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a pest a annoying person and a child tree rules 2 keep present a child tree rules 3 bother gerund a child not said here you vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus you=Experiencer
Example 1 Rabbits are a big pest for farmers in Australia.
nsubj cop det amod case nmod case nmod punct root Rabbits NOUN are AUX a DET big ADJ pest NOUN for ADP farmers NOUN in ADP Australia PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rabbits rabbit NOUN Number=Plur 5 pest nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 pest cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 pest det 4 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 5 pest amod 5 pest pest NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 for for ADP _ 7 farmers case 7 farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 5 pest nmod 8 in in ADP _ 9 Australia case 9 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 7 farmers nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 pest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Rabbits a big pest for farmers in Australia tree rules
Example 2 Slugs are pests that eat lettuces.
nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root Slugs NOUN are AUX pests NOUN that PRON eat VERB lettuces NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Slugs slug NOUN Number=Plur 3 pests nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 pests cop 3 pests pest NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 eat nsubj 5 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 pests acl:relcl 6 lettuces lettuce NOUN Number=Plur 5 eat obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 pests punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Slugs pests tree rules 2 eat present pests lettuces vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lettuce=Patient
Example 3 Ladybirds eat aphids, which are garden pests.
nsubj obj punct nsubj cop compound conj punct root Ladybirds NOUN eat VERB aphids NOUN , PUNCT which PRON are AUX garden NOUN pests NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ladybirds ladybird NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat nsubj 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 aphids aphid NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 pests punct 5 which which PRON PronType=Rel 8 pests nsubj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 pests cop 7 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 8 pests compound 8 pests pest NOUN Number=Plur 3 aphids conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present Ladybirds aphids and garden pests vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aphid=Patient 2 is a present aphids and garden pests garden pests tree rules
Example 4 We called pest control to get rid of the mice.
nsubj compound xcomp mark acl xcomp case det obl punct root We PRON called VERB pest NOUN control NOUN to PART get VERB rid ADJ of ADP the DET mice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 called nsubj 2 called call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 pest pest NOUN Number=Sing 4 control compound 4 control control NOUN Number=Sing 2 called xcomp 5 to to PART _ 6 get mark 6 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 control acl 7 rid rid ADJ Degree=Pos 6 get xcomp 8 of of ADP _ 10 mice case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 mice det 10 mice mouse NOUN Number=Plur 7 rid obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call past We pest control vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 get to-infinitive We not said here pest control not said here rid property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 5 My little sister is being a pest again!
nmod:poss amod nsubj cop cop det advmod punct root My PRON little ADJ sister NOUN is AUX being AUX a DET pest NOUN again ADV ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 sister nmod:poss 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 sister amod 3 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 7 pest nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 pest cop 5 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 pest cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pest det 7 pest pest NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 again again ADV _ 7 pest advmod 9 ! ! PUNCT _ 7 pest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present My little sister a pest again tree rules
Example 6 Keep food covered so pests don't get in.
obj acl mark nsubj aux advmod advcl advmod punct root Keep VERB food NOUN covered VERB so SCONJ pests NOUN do AUX n't PART get VERB in ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 food food NOUN Number=Sing 1 Keep obj 3 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 food acl 4 so so SCONJ _ 8 get mark 5 pests pest NOUN Number=Plur 8 get nsubj 6 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 get aux 7 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 8 get advmod 8 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Keep advcl 9 in in ADV _ 8 get advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep imperative you not said here food vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme 2 cover participle food not said here vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 3 not get in present · do-support pests vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 7 Stop being a pest and let me finish my homework.
cop det xcomp cc conj obj xcomp nmod:poss obj punct root Stop VERB being AUX a DET pest NOUN and CCONJ let VERB me PRON finish VERB my PRON homework NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 pest cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 pest det 4 pest pest NOUN Number=Sing 1 Stop xcomp 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 let cc 6 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Stop conj 7 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 let obj 8 finish finish VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 let xcomp 9 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 homework nmod:poss 10 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 8 finish obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 is a gerund you not said here a pest tree rules 3 let infinitive you not said here me tree rules 4 finish infinitive me not said here my homework vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality homework=Eventuality
Example 8 The Pest Maiden arrives, and thrusts her arm in at his window.
det compound nsubj punct cc conj nmod:poss obj case case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET Pest PROPN Maiden PROPN arrives VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ thrusts VERB her PRON arm NOUN in ADP at ADP his PRON window NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Maiden det 2 Pest Pest PROPN Number=Sing 3 Maiden compound 3 Maiden Maiden PROPN Number=Sing 4 arrives nsubj 4 arrives arrive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 thrusts punct 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 thrusts cc 7 thrusts thrust VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 arrives conj 8 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 arm nmod:poss 9 arm arm NOUN Number=Sing 7 thrusts obj 10 in in ADP _ 13 window case 11 at at ADP _ 13 window case 12 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 window nmod:poss 13 window window NOUN Number=Sing 7 thrusts obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 arrives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 arrive present the Pest Maiden vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 thrust present the Pest Maiden not said here Maiden's arm his window vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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