pesticide Who acts: pesticide, small animals, Pesticides, farmer, Organic farms, you · What happens: be, use, kill, damage, include, spray · To what, where: chemical, pests, crops, insecticides, pesticide, potatoes
«pesticide» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pesticide in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A pesticide is a chemical used to kill pests — insects, weeds, fungi or small animals that damage crops or gardens.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det acl mark advcl obj punct conj punct conj punct conj cc amod conj nsubj acl:relcl obj cc conj punct root A DET pesticide NOUN is AUX a DET chemical NOUN used VERB to PART kill VERB pests NOUN — PUNCT insects NOUN , PUNCT weeds NOUN , PUNCT fungi NOUN or CCONJ small ADJ animals NOUN that PRON damage VERB crops NOUN or CCONJ gardens NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pesticide det 2 pesticide pesticide NOUN Number=Sing 5 chemical nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 chemical cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 chemical det 5 chemical chemical NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 chemical acl 7 to to PART _ 8 kill mark 8 kill kill VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 used advcl 9 pests pest NOUN Number=Plur 8 kill obj 10 — - PUNCT _ 11 insects punct 11 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 5 chemical conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 weeds punct 13 weeds weed NOUN Number=Plur 11 insects conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 fungi punct 15 fungi fungus NOUN Number=Plur 11 insects conj 16 or or CCONJ _ 18 animals cc 17 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 18 animals amod 18 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 11 insects conj 19 that that PRON PronType=Rel 20 damage nsubj 20 damage damage VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 animals acl:relcl 21 crops crop NOUN Number=Plur 20 damage obj 22 or or CCONJ _ 23 gardens cc 23 gardens garden NOUN Number=Plur 21 crops conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 chemical punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a pesticide a chemical and insects and weeds and fungi or small animals tree rules 2 use participle a chemical and insects and weeds and fungi or small animals not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 kill to-infinitive pests vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pest=Theme 4 damage present small animals crops or gardens vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crop=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Pesticides include insecticides (for insects), herbicides (for weeds) and fungicides (for moulds and fungi).
The tree, 14 words nsubj obj punct case appos punct punct conj punct case appos punct cc conj punct case appos cc conj punct punct root Pesticides NOUN include VERB insecticides NOUN ( PUNCT for ADP insects NOUN ) PUNCT , PUNCT herbicides NOUN ( PUNCT for ADP weeds NOUN ) PUNCT and CCONJ fungicides NOUN ( PUNCT for ADP moulds NOUN and CCONJ fungi NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pesticides pesticide NOUN Number=Plur 2 include nsubj 2 include include VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 insecticides insecticide NOUN Number=Plur 2 include obj 4 ( ( PUNCT _ 6 insects punct 5 for for ADP _ 6 insects case 6 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 3 insecticides appos 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 insects punct 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 herbicides punct 9 herbicides herbicide NOUN Number=Plur 3 insecticides conj 10 ( ( PUNCT _ 12 weeds punct 11 for for ADP _ 12 weeds case 12 weeds weed NOUN Number=Plur 9 herbicides appos 13 ) ) PUNCT _ 12 weeds punct 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 fungicides cc 15 fungicides fungicide NOUN Number=Plur 3 insecticides conj 16 ( ( PUNCT _ 18 moulds punct 17 for for ADP _ 18 moulds case 18 moulds mould NOUN Number=Plur 3 insecticides appos 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 fungi cc 20 fungi fungus NOUN Number=Plur 18 moulds conj 21 ) ) PUNCT _ 18 moulds punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 2 include punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 include present Pesticides insecticides and herbicides and fungicides vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insecticide=Theme
Example 1 The farmer sprayed pesticide on the potatoes.
det nsubj obj case det obl punct root The DET farmer NOUN sprayed VERB pesticide NOUN on ADP the DET potatoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farmer det 2 farmer farmer NOUN Number=Sing 3 sprayed nsubj 3 sprayed spray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 pesticide pesticide NOUN Number=Sing 3 sprayed obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 potatoes case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 potatoes det 7 potatoes potato NOUN Number=Plur 3 sprayed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sprayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spray past the farmer pesticide the potatoes vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent pesticide=Theme on potato=Destination
Example 2 Some pesticides can harm bees.
det nsubj aux obj punct root Some DET pesticides NOUN can AUX harm VERB bees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 pesticides det 2 pesticides pesticide NOUN Number=Plur 4 harm nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 harm aux 4 harm harm VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 bees bee NOUN Number=Plur 4 harm obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 harm punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 harm can some pesticides bees vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus bee=Experiencer
Example 3 Organic farms use fewer chemical pesticides.
amod nsubj amod amod obj punct root Organic ADJ farms NOUN use VERB fewer ADJ chemical ADJ pesticides NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Organic organic ADJ Degree=Pos 2 farms amod 2 farms farm NOUN Number=Plur 3 use nsubj 3 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 fewer few ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 pesticides amod 5 chemical chemical ADJ Degree=Pos 6 pesticides amod 6 pesticides pesticide NOUN Number=Plur 3 use obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Organic farms fewer chemical pesticides vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pesticide=Patient
Example 4 Wash fruit before you eat it to remove pesticide.
obj mark nsubj advcl obj mark advcl obj punct root Wash VERB fruit NOUN before SCONJ you PRON eat VERB it PRON to PART remove VERB pesticide NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wash wash VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 fruit fruit NOUN Number=Sing 1 Wash obj 3 before before SCONJ _ 5 eat mark 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 eat nsubj 5 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Wash advcl 6 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 eat obj 7 to to PART _ 8 remove mark 8 remove remove VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 eat advcl 9 pesticide pesticide NOUN Number=Sing 8 remove obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wash punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wash imperative you not said here fruit vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Patient 2 eat present you fruit vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient 3 remove to-infinitive you not said here pesticide vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pesticide=Theme
Example 5 Ladybirds are a natural way to control aphids without pesticides.
nsubj cop det amod mark acl obj case obl punct root Ladybirds NOUN are AUX a DET natural ADJ way NOUN to PART control VERB aphids NOUN without ADP pesticides NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ladybirds ladybird NOUN Number=Plur 5 way nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 way cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 way det 4 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 5 way amod 5 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 to to PART _ 7 control mark 7 control control VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 way acl 8 aphids aphid NOUN Number=Plur 7 control obj 9 without without ADP _ 10 pesticides case 10 pesticides pesticide NOUN Number=Plur 7 control obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Ladybirds a natural way tree rules 2 control to-infinitive aphids without pesticides vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aphid=Theme
Example 6 Keep pesticides locked away from children and pets.
obj acl advmod case obl cc conj punct root Keep VERB pesticides NOUN locked VERB away ADV from ADP children NOUN and CCONJ pets NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 pesticides pesticide NOUN Number=Plur 1 Keep obj 3 locked lock VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 pesticides acl 4 away away ADV _ 3 locked advmod 5 from from ADP _ 6 children case 6 children child NOUN Number=Plur 3 locked obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 pets cc 8 pets pet NOUN Number=Plur 6 children conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep imperative you not said here pesticides vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pesticide=Theme 2 lock away participle pesticides not said here from children and pets; away property vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
Example 7 The pesticide washed into the river and harmed the fish.
det nsubj acl case det obl cc det obj punct root The DET pesticide NOUN washed VERB into ADP the DET river NOUN and CCONJ harmed VERB the DET fish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pesticide det 2 pesticide pesticide NOUN Number=Sing 8 harmed nsubj 3 washed wash VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 pesticide acl 4 into into ADP _ 6 river case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 river det 6 river river NOUN Number=Sing 3 washed obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 3 washed cc 8 harmed harm VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 fish det 10 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 8 harmed obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 harmed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wash participle the pesticide not said here the river vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 harm past the pesticide the fish vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus fish=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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