petrification Who acts: process, minerals, dead plant, you, Petrification, fossil · What happens: turn, replace, petrify, process, be, not move · To what, where: stone, process, ancient tree, petrification, bones, millions · Speech: someone speaks here
«petrification» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: petrification in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
The process by which a dead plant or animal slowly turns into stone over a very long time, as minerals replace it: petrified wood.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj case nsubj det amod nmod cc conj advmod case obl case det advmod amod obl punct mark nsubj conj obj punct amod obl punct root The DET process NOUN by ADP which PRON a DET dead ADJ plant NOUN or CCONJ animal NOUN slowly ADV turns VERB into ADP stone NOUN over ADP a DET very ADV long ADJ time NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ minerals NOUN replace VERB it PRON : PUNCT petrified VERB wood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 process det 2 process process NOUN Number=Sing 11 turns nsubj 3 by by ADP _ 7 plant case 4 which which PRON PronType=Rel 7 plant nsubj 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 plant det 6 dead dead ADJ Degree=Pos 7 plant amod 7 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 2 process nmod 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 animal cc 9 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 7 plant conj 10 slowly slowly ADV _ 11 turns advmod 11 turns turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 12 into into ADP _ 13 stone case 13 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 11 turns obl 14 over over ADP _ 18 time case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 time det 16 very very ADV _ 17 long advmod 17 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 18 time amod 18 time time NOUN Number=Sing 11 turns obl 19 , , PUNCT _ 22 replace punct 20 as as SCONJ _ 22 replace mark 21 minerals mineral NOUN Number=Plur 22 replace nsubj 22 replace replace VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 turns conj 23 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 replace obj 24 : : PUNCT _ 26 wood punct 25 petrified petrify VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 26 wood amod 26 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 22 replace obl 27 . . PUNCT _ 11 turns punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn present the process by a dead plant or animal stone time slowly property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into stone=Trajectory 2 replace present minerals process petrified wood obl vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme 3 petrify participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 4 process a dead plant or animal nom process «act transitive»: by=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Being so frightened that you cannot move (usually "petrified").
The tree, 10 words cop advmod mark nsubj aux advmod advcl punct advmod punct ccomp punct punct punct root Being AUX so ADV frightened ADJ that SCONJ you PRON can AUX not PART move VERB ( PUNCT usually ADV " PUNCT petrified VERB " PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 frightened cop 2 so so ADV _ 3 frightened advmod 3 frightened frightened ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 8 move mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 move nsubj 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 move aux 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 move advmod 8 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 frightened advcl 9 ( ( PUNCT _ 12 petrified punct 10 usually usually ADV _ 12 petrified advmod 11 " " PUNCT _ 12 petrified punct 12 petrified petrify VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 move ccomp 13 " " PUNCT _ 12 petrified punct 14 ) ) PUNCT _ 12 petrified punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 frightened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is gerund frightened property tree rules 2 not move can you tree rules 3 petrify in a quote participle you not said here usually property vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 1 Petrification turned the ancient tree into stone.
nsubj det amod obj case obl punct root Petrification NOUN turned VERB the DET ancient ADJ tree NOUN into ADP stone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Petrification petrification NOUN Number=Sing 2 turned nsubj 2 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 tree det 4 ancient ancient ADJ Degree=Pos 5 tree amod 5 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 2 turned obj 6 into into ADP _ 7 stone case 7 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 2 turned obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 turned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn past Petrification the ancient tree stone vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent tree=Theme into stone=Trajectory
Example 2 The fossil shows petrification of the bones.
det nsubj obj case det nmod punct root The DET fossil NOUN shows VERB petrification NOUN of ADP the DET bones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fossil det 2 fossil fossil NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows nsubj 3 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 petrification petrification NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 bones case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bones det 7 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 4 petrification nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present the fossil petrification of the bones vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent petrification=Recipient 2 petrify the bones nom petrification «process transitive»: of=patient
Example 3 Petrification takes millions of years.
nsubj obj case nmod punct root Petrification NOUN takes VERB millions NOUN of ADP years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Petrification petrification NOUN Number=Sing 2 takes nsubj 2 takes take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 2 takes obj 4 of of ADP _ 5 years case 5 years year NOUN Number=Plur 3 millions nmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 takes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take present Petrification millions of years vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent million=Theme
Example 4 In the myth, Medusa's stare caused petrification.
case det obl punct nmod:poss case nsubj obj punct root In ADP the DET myth NOUN , PUNCT Medusa PROPN 's PART stare NOUN caused VERB petrification NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 myth case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 myth det 3 myth myth NOUN Number=Sing 8 caused obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 myth punct 5 Medusa Medusa PROPN Number=Sing 7 stare nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 Medusa case 7 stare stare NOUN Number=Sing 8 caused nsubj 8 caused cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 petrification petrification NOUN Number=Sing 8 caused obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 8 caused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause past Medusa's stare petrification the myth vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition petrification=Patient 2 stare Medusa nom stare «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 We saw petrified wood that looked like a log but was stone.
nsubj amod obj nsubj acl:relcl case det obl cc cop conj punct root We PRON saw VERB petrified VERB wood NOUN that PRON looked VERB like ADP a DET log NOUN but CCONJ was AUX stone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 petrified petrify VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 wood amod 4 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 looked nsubj 6 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 wood acl:relcl 7 like like ADP _ 9 log case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 log det 9 log log NOUN Number=Sing 6 looked obl 10 but but CCONJ _ 12 stone cc 11 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 stone cop 12 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We petrified wood vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wood=Stimulus 2 petrify participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 look past petrified wood like a log vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 4 is a past We not said here stone tree rules
Example 6 Minerals in water cause petrification.
nsubj case nmod obj punct root Minerals NOUN in ADP water NOUN cause VERB petrification NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Minerals mineral NOUN Number=Plur 4 cause nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 3 water case 3 water water NOUN Number=Sing 1 Minerals nmod 4 cause cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 petrification petrification NOUN Number=Sing 4 cause obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 cause punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause present Minerals in water petrification vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition petrification=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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