petrifying
Who acts: they, sight, petrifying gaze · What happens: petrify, be, not move, sight, turn · To what, where: stone, dragon, knight
«petrifying» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: petrifying in the school dictionary.
Meaning 1
To petrify is to turn something into stone.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | To | to | PART | _ | 2 petrify | mark |
| 2 | petrify | petrify | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 turn | csubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 turn | cop |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 turn | mark |
| 5 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 5 turn | obj |
| 7 | into | into | ADP | _ | 8 stone | case |
| 8 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 turn | obl |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 turn | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | petrify | to-infinitive | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | is | present | stone | turn property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2
To petrify is to frighten someone so badly they cannot move.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | To | to | PART | _ | 2 petrify | mark |
| 2 | petrify | petrify | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 frighten | csubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 frighten | cop |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 frighten | mark |
| 5 | frighten | frighten | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 5 frighten | obj |
| 7 | so | so | ADV | _ | 12 move | advmod |
| 8 | badly | badly | ADV | Degree=Pos | 12 move | advmod |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 move | nsubj |
| 10 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 move | aux |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 move | advmod |
| 12 | move | move | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 frighten | parataxis |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 frighten | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | petrify | to-infinitive | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | is | present | frighten property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | not move | can | they | badly property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
Example 1
The sight of the dragon was petrifying.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 sight | det |
| 2 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 petrifying | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 dragon | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 dragon | det |
| 5 | dragon | dragon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 sight | nmod |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 petrifying | aux |
| 7 | petrifying | petrify | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 petrifying | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | petrify | past · progressive | the sight of the dragon | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | sight | the dragon | nom sight «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
Example 2
A petrifying gaze turned the knight to stone.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 gaze | det |
| 2 | petrifying | petrify | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 gaze | amod |
| 3 | gaze | gaze | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 turned | nsubj |
| 4 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 knight | det |
| 6 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 turned | obj |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 stone | case |
| 8 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 turned | obl |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 turned | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | petrify | gerund | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | turn | past | a petrifying gaze | the knight | stone | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent knight=Theme to stone=Trajectory |
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/petrifying/