phage Who acts: tiny virus, word ending, white blood cell, phage, virus, Phages · What happens: attack, kill, mean, eat, be, infect · To what, where: bacteria, eater, germs, virus, phages, resistant bacteria
«phage» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: phage in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
A tiny virus that attacks and kills bacteria, not people.
det amod nsubj acl:relcl cc conj obj punct advmod conj punct root A DET tiny ADJ virus NOUN that PRON attacks VERB and CCONJ kills VERB bacteria NOUN , PUNCT not PART people NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 virus det 2 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 3 virus amod 3 virus virus NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 attacks nsubj 5 attacks attack VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 virus acl:relcl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 kills cc 7 kills kill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 attacks conj 8 bacteria bacterium NOUN Number=Plur 7 kills obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 people punct 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 people advmod 11 people people NOUN Number=Plur 8 bacteria conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 virus punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 attack present a tiny virus vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 kill present a tiny virus not said here bacteria and people vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacterium=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: fragment — kept apart, not parsed.
A word ending meaning "eater", as in "macrophage" (a white blood cell that eats germs).
The tree, 15 words det compound acl punct obj punct punct case case punct obl punct punct det amod compound appos nsubj acl:relcl obj punct punct root A DET word NOUN ending NOUN meaning VERB " PUNCT eater NOUN " PUNCT , PUNCT as ADP in ADP " PUNCT macrophage NOUN " PUNCT ( PUNCT a DET white ADJ blood NOUN cell NOUN that PRON eats VERB germs NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 ending det 2 word word NOUN Number=Sing 3 ending compound 3 ending ending NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 meaning mean VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 ending acl 5 " " PUNCT _ 6 eater punct 6 eater eater NOUN Number=Sing 4 meaning obj 7 " " PUNCT _ 6 eater punct 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 macrophage punct 9 as as ADP _ 12 macrophage case 10 in in ADP _ 12 macrophage case 11 " " PUNCT _ 12 macrophage punct 12 macrophage macrophage NOUN Number=Sing 4 meaning obl 13 " " PUNCT _ 12 macrophage punct 14 ( ( PUNCT _ 18 cell punct 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 cell det 16 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 18 cell amod 17 blood blood NOUN Number=Sing 18 cell compound 18 cell cell NOUN Number=Sing 12 macrophage appos 19 that that PRON PronType=Rel 20 eats nsubj 20 eats eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 cell acl:relcl 21 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 20 eats obj 22 ) ) PUNCT _ 18 cell punct 23 . . PUNCT _ 3 ending punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean gerund a word ending not said here eater as macrophage vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent eater=Topic as macrophage=Attribute 2 eat present a white blood cell germs vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Patient
Example 1 A phage is a virus that infects bacteria.
det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root A DET phage NOUN is AUX a DET virus NOUN that PRON infects VERB bacteria NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 phage det 2 phage phage NOUN Number=Sing 5 virus nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 virus cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 virus det 5 virus virus NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 infects nsubj 7 infects infect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 virus acl:relcl 8 bacteria bacteria NOUN Number=Sing 7 infects obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 virus punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a phage a virus tree rules 2 infect present a virus bacteria vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bacteria=Destination
Example 2 Phages look like tiny moon landers.
nsubj case amod compound obl punct root Phages NOUN look VERB like ADP tiny ADJ moon NOUN landers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Phages phage NOUN Number=Plur 2 look nsubj 2 look look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 like like ADP _ 6 landers case 4 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 6 landers amod 5 moon moon NOUN Number=Sing 6 landers compound 6 landers lander NOUN Number=Plur 2 look obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look present Phages like tiny moon landers vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 3 Scientists use phages to fight resistant bacteria.
nsubj obj mark advcl amod obj punct root Scientists NOUN use VERB phages NOUN to PART fight VERB resistant ADJ bacteria NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 phages phage NOUN Number=Plur 2 use obj 4 to to PART _ 5 fight mark 5 fight fight VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 use advcl 6 resistant resistant ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bacteria amod 7 bacteria bacteria NOUN Number=Sing 5 fight obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Scientists phages vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent phage=Patient 2 fight to-infinitive Scientists not said here resistant bacteria vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacteria=Co-Agent
Example 4 Phages are harmless to human cells.
nsubj cop case amod obl punct root Phages NOUN are AUX harmless ADJ to ADP human ADJ cells NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Phages phage NOUN Number=Plur 3 harmless nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 harmless cop 3 harmless harmless ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to ADP _ 6 cells case 5 human human ADJ Degree=Pos 6 cells amod 6 cells cell NOUN Number=Plur 3 harmless obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 harmless punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Phages to human cells; harmless property tree rules
Example 5 A macrophage is a white blood cell that eats germs.
det nsubj cop det amod compound nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root A DET macrophage NOUN is AUX a DET white ADJ blood NOUN cell NOUN that PRON eats VERB germs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 macrophage det 2 macrophage macrophage NOUN Number=Sing 7 cell nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cell cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 cell det 5 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cell amod 6 blood blood NOUN Number=Sing 7 cell compound 7 cell cell NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 eats nsubj 9 eats eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cell acl:relcl 10 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 9 eats obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 cell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a macrophage a white blood cell tree rules 2 eat present a white blood cell germs vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Patient
Example 6 There are more phages on Earth than stars in the sky, scientists estimate.
The tree, 13 words expl amod nsubj case nmod case nmod case det obl punct nsubj conj punct root There PRON are VERB more ADJ phages NOUN on ADP Earth PROPN than ADP stars NOUN in ADP the DET sky NOUN , PUNCT scientists NOUN estimate VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 phages amod 4 phages phage NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 on on ADP _ 6 Earth case 6 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 4 phages nmod 7 than than ADP _ 8 stars case 8 stars star NOUN Number=Plur 4 phages nmod 9 in in ADP _ 11 sky case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 sky det 11 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 2 are obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 estimate punct 13 scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 14 estimate nsubj 14 estimate estimate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 are conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present more phages on Earth than stars the sky; there vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sky=Location 2 estimate present scientists vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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