philosophy Who acts: Philosophy, way, we, animals, Socrates, She · What happens: be, think, argue, live, work, discuss · To what, where: study, particular set, way, philosophy club, famous teacher, philosophy · Speech: someone speaks here
«philosophy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: philosophy in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Philosophy is the study of big questions about life, knowledge, right and wrong, the mind and what is real, by thinking carefully and arguing with reasons.
The tree, 26 words nsubj cop det case amod nmod case nmod punct conj punct discourse cc parataxis punct det parataxis cc nsubj cop conj punct mark conj advmod cc conj case obl punct root Philosophy NOUN is AUX the DET study NOUN of ADP big ADJ questions NOUN about ADP life NOUN , PUNCT knowledge NOUN , PUNCT right INTJ and CCONJ wrong ADJ , PUNCT the DET mind NOUN and CCONJ what PRON is AUX real ADJ , PUNCT by SCONJ thinking VERB carefully ADV and CCONJ arguing VERB with ADP reasons NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Philosophy philosophy NOUN Number=Sing 4 study nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 study cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 study det 4 study study NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 questions case 6 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 7 questions amod 7 questions question NOUN Number=Plur 4 study nmod 8 about about ADP _ 9 life case 9 life life NOUN Number=Sing 7 questions nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 knowledge punct 11 knowledge knowledge NOUN Number=Sing 9 life conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 wrong punct 13 right right INTJ _ 15 wrong discourse 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 wrong cc 15 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 4 study parataxis 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 mind punct 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 mind det 18 mind mind NOUN Number=Sing 15 wrong parataxis 19 and and CCONJ _ 22 real cc 20 what what PRON PronType=Int 22 real nsubj 21 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 real cop 22 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 15 wrong conj 23 , , PUNCT _ 25 thinking punct 24 by by SCONJ _ 25 thinking mark 25 thinking think VERB VerbForm=Ger 22 real conj 26 carefully carefully ADV _ 25 thinking advmod 27 and and CCONJ _ 28 arguing cc 28 arguing argue VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 25 thinking conj 29 with with ADP _ 30 reasons case 30 reasons reason NOUN Number=Plur 28 arguing obl 31 . . PUNCT _ 4 study punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Philosophy the study of big questions about life and knowledge tree rules 2 is present real property tree rules 3 think speech: other gerund carefully property vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 argue speech: disagree gerund with reasons vn chit_chat-37.6-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with reason=Co-Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A philosophy is a particular set of ideas from a thinker or group, like the philosophy of Plato.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod case det nmod cc conj punct case det conj case nmod punct root A DET philosophy NOUN is AUX a DET particular ADJ set NOUN of ADP ideas NOUN from ADP a DET thinker NOUN or CCONJ group NOUN , PUNCT like ADP the DET philosophy NOUN of ADP Plato PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 philosophy det 2 philosophy philosophy NOUN Number=Sing 6 set nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 set cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 set det 5 particular particular ADJ Degree=Pos 6 set amod 6 set set NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 ideas case 8 ideas idea NOUN Number=Plur 6 set nmod 9 from from ADP _ 11 thinker case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 thinker det 11 thinker thinker NOUN Number=Sing 8 ideas nmod 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 group cc 13 group group NOUN Number=Sing 11 thinker conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 philosophy punct 15 like like ADP _ 17 philosophy case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 philosophy det 17 philosophy philosophy NOUN Number=Sing 6 set conj 18 of of ADP _ 19 Plato case 19 Plato Plato PROPN Number=Sing 17 philosophy nmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 set punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a philosophy a particular set and the philosophy of Plato of ideas from a thinker or group tree rules
Meaning 3 A person's philosophy is their way of thinking about how to live or work, as in "My philosophy is to always try my best".
The tree, 25 words det nmod:poss case nsubj cop nmod:poss mark acl mark advmod mark ccomp cc conj punct mark fixed punct nmod:poss nsubj cop mark advmod conj nmod:poss obj punct punct root A DET person NOUN 's PART philosophy NOUN is AUX their PRON way NOUN of SCONJ thinking VERB about SCONJ how ADV to PART live VERB or CCONJ work VERB , PUNCT as SCONJ in ADP " PUNCT My PRON philosophy NOUN is AUX to PART always ADV try VERB my PRON best ADJ " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing 4 philosophy nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 person case 4 philosophy philosophy NOUN Number=Sing 7 way nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 way cop 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 way nmod:poss 7 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of SCONJ _ 9 thinking mark 9 thinking think VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 way acl 10 about about SCONJ _ 13 live mark 11 how how ADV PronType=Int 13 live advmod 12 to to PART _ 13 live mark 13 live live VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 thinking ccomp 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 work cc 15 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 live conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 25 try punct 17 as as SCONJ _ 25 try mark 18 in in ADP _ 17 as fixed 19 " " PUNCT _ 25 try punct 20 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 21 philosophy nmod:poss 21 philosophy philosophy NOUN Number=Sing 25 try nsubj 22 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 25 try cop 23 to to PART _ 25 try mark 24 always always ADV PronType=Tot 25 try advmod 25 try try VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 live conj 26 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 27 best nmod:poss 27 best good ADJ Degree=Sup 25 try obj 28 " " PUNCT _ 27 best punct 29 . . PUNCT _ 7 way punct
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1 is a present a person's philosophy their way tree rules 2 think speech: other gerund their way not said here vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 3 live to-infinitive vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 work infinitive vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 is in a quote present My philosophy always, try property tree rules
Example 1 In philosophy club we discussed whether animals can think.
case compound obl nsubj mark nsubj aux ccomp punct root In ADP philosophy NOUN club NOUN we PRON discussed VERB whether SCONJ animals NOUN can AUX think VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 club case 2 philosophy philosophy NOUN Number=Sing 3 club compound 3 club club NOUN Number=Sing 5 discussed obl 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 discussed nsubj 5 discussed discuss VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 whether whether SCONJ _ 9 think mark 7 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 9 think nsubj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 think aux 9 think think VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 discussed ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 discussed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 discuss speech: other past we philosophy club vn chit_chat-37.6-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 think speech: other can animals vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 Socrates was a famous teacher of philosophy in ancient Greece.
nsubj cop det amod case nmod case amod nmod punct root Socrates NOUN was AUX a DET famous ADJ teacher NOUN of ADP philosophy NOUN in ADP ancient ADJ Greece PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Socrates socrates NOUN Number=Sing 5 teacher nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 teacher cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 teacher det 4 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 5 teacher amod 5 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 philosophy case 7 philosophy philosophy NOUN Number=Sing 5 teacher nmod 8 in in ADP _ 10 Greece case 9 ancient ancient ADJ Degree=Pos 10 Greece amod 10 Greece Greece PROPN Number=Sing 7 philosophy nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 teacher punct
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1 is a past Socrates a famous teacher of philosophy in ancient Greece tree rules
Example 3 My grandad's philosophy is "never give up".
nmod:poss nmod:poss case nsubj cop punct advmod compound:prt punct punct root My PRON grandad NOUN 's PART philosophy NOUN is AUX " PUNCT never ADV give VERB up ADP " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 grandad nmod:poss 2 grandad grandad NOUN Number=Sing 4 philosophy nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 grandad case 4 philosophy philosophy NOUN Number=Sing 8 give nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 give cop 6 " " PUNCT _ 8 give punct 7 never never ADV PronType=Neg 8 give advmod 8 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 9 up up ADP _ 8 give compound:prt 10 " " PUNCT _ 8 give punct 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is in a quote present My grandad's philosophy give property tree rules
Example 4 She is studying philosophy at university.
nsubj aux obj case obl punct root She PRON is AUX studying VERB philosophy NOUN at ADP university NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 studying nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 studying aux 3 studying study VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 philosophy philosophy NOUN Number=Sing 3 studying obj 5 at at ADP _ 6 university case 6 university university NOUN Number=Sing 3 studying obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 studying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present · progressive She philosophy university vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent philosophy=Topic
Example 5 The coach's philosophy is that every player gets a turn.
det nmod:poss case nsubj cop mark det nsubj det obj punct root The DET coach NOUN 's PART philosophy NOUN is AUX that SCONJ every DET player NOUN gets VERB a DET turn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 coach det 2 coach coach NOUN Number=Sing 4 philosophy nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 coach case 4 philosophy philosophy NOUN Number=Sing 9 gets nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 gets cop 6 that that SCONJ _ 9 gets mark 7 every every DET PronType=Tot 8 player det 8 player player NOUN Number=Sing 9 gets nsubj 9 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 turn det 11 turn turn NOUN Number=Sing 9 gets obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 gets punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the coach's philosophy get property tree rules
Example 6 Philosophy asks questions like "What makes something fair?"
nsubj obj mark punct nsubj advcl obj amod punct punct root Philosophy NOUN asks VERB questions NOUN like SCONJ " PUNCT What PRON makes VERB something PRON fair ADJ ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Philosophy philosophy NOUN Number=Sing 2 asks nsubj 2 asks ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 questions question NOUN Number=Plur 2 asks obj 4 like like SCONJ _ 7 makes mark 5 " " PUNCT _ 7 makes punct 6 What what PRON PronType=Int 7 makes nsubj 7 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 asks advcl 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 makes obj 9 fair fair ADJ Degree=Pos 8 something amod 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 asks punct 11 " " PUNCT _ 2 asks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask present Philosophy questions vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent question=Recipient 2 make in a quote present something vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material something=Product
Example 7 Different religions and philosophies have different ideas about happiness.
amod nsubj cc conj amod obj case nmod punct root Different ADJ religions NOUN and CCONJ philosophies NOUN have VERB different ADJ ideas NOUN about ADP happiness NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Different different ADJ Degree=Pos 2 religions amod 2 religions religion NOUN Number=Plur 5 have nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 philosophies cc 4 philosophies philosophy NOUN Number=Plur 2 religions conj 5 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 different different ADJ Degree=Pos 7 ideas amod 7 ideas idea NOUN Number=Plur 5 have obj 8 about about ADP _ 9 happiness case 9 happiness happiness NOUN Number=Sing 7 ideas nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Different religions and philosophies different ideas about happiness vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Patient
Example 8 “Then you should certainly lecture on Philosophy,” said the Dragon-fly; and he spread a pair of lovely gauze wings and soared away into the sky.
The tree, 26 words punct advmod nsubj aux advmod ccomp case obl punct punct det compound punct obj punct cc nsubj parataxis det obj case amod compound nmod cc conj advmod case det obl punct root “ PUNCT Then ADV you PRON should AUX certainly ADV lecture VERB on ADP Philosophy NOUN , PUNCT ” PUNCT said VERB the DET Dragon PROPN - PUNCT fly NOUN ; PUNCT and CCONJ he PRON spread VERB a DET pair NOUN of ADP lovely ADJ gauze NOUN wings NOUN and CCONJ soared VERB away ADV into ADP the DET sky NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 6 lecture punct 2 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 6 lecture advmod 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 lecture nsubj 4 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 lecture aux 5 certainly certainly ADV _ 6 lecture advmod 6 lecture lecture VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 said ccomp 7 on on ADP _ 8 Philosophy case 8 Philosophy philosophy NOUN Number=Sing 6 lecture obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 6 lecture punct 10 ” " PUNCT _ 6 lecture punct 11 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 fly det 13 Dragon Dragon PROPN Number=Sing 15 fly compound 14 - - PUNCT _ 13 Dragon punct 15 fly fly NOUN Number=Sing 11 said obj 16 ; ; PUNCT _ 19 spread punct 17 and and CCONJ _ 19 spread cc 18 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 spread nsubj 19 spread spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 said parataxis 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 pair det 21 pair pair NOUN Number=Sing 19 spread obj 22 of of ADP _ 25 wings case 23 lovely lovely ADJ Degree=Pos 25 wings amod 24 gauze gauze NOUN Number=Sing 25 wings compound 25 wings wing NOUN Number=Plur 21 pair nmod 26 and and CCONJ _ 27 soared cc 27 soared soar VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 19 spread conj 28 away away ADV _ 27 soared advmod 29 into into ADP _ 31 sky case 30 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 31 sky det 31 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 27 soared obl 32 . . PUNCT _ 11 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lecture speech: other in a quote should you Philosophy then certainly property vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 say speech: assert past the Dragon fly vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 spread past fly a pair of lovely gauze wings vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location pair=Theme 4 soar away past fly not said here the sky away property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into sky=Trajectory
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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