pidgin Who acts: people, you, pidgin, millions, Tok, Dad · What happens: make up, speak, need, talk, mix, not know · To what, where: simple language, different languages, words, both, language, small vocabulary · Speech: someone speaks here
«pidgin» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pidgin in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A simple language made up when people who speak different languages need to talk, often for trade, mixing words from both.
The tree, 21 words det amod acl compound:prt advmod nsubj nsubj acl:relcl amod obj advcl mark xcomp punct advmod case obl punct advcl obj case obl punct root A DET simple ADJ language NOUN made VERB up ADP when ADV people NOUN who PRON speak VERB different ADJ languages NOUN need VERB to PART talk VERB , PUNCT often ADV for ADP trade NOUN , PUNCT mixing VERB words NOUN from ADP both DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 language det 2 simple simple ADJ Degree=Pos 3 language amod 3 language language NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 language acl 5 up up ADP _ 4 made compound:prt 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 12 need advmod 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 12 need nsubj 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 9 speak nsubj 9 speak speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 people acl:relcl 10 different different ADJ Degree=Pos 11 languages amod 11 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 9 speak obj 12 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 made advcl 13 to to PART _ 14 talk mark 14 talk talk VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 need xcomp 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 trade punct 16 often often ADV _ 18 trade advmod 17 for for ADP _ 18 trade case 18 trade trade NOUN Number=Sing 14 talk obl 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 mixing punct 20 mixing mix VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 14 talk advcl 21 words word NOUN Number=Plur 20 mixing obj 22 from from ADP _ 23 both case 23 both both DET PronType=Tot 20 mixing obl 24 . . PUNCT _ 3 language punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make up participle a simple language not said here vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 2 speak speech: other present people different languages tree rules 3 need present people vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 4 talk not said to happen to-infinitive people not said here for trade vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 mix gerund people not said here words both vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Product from both=Material
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
Broken or very simple speech in a language you do not know well: «pidgin French».
The tree, 15 words amod cc advmod conj case det nmod nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl advmod punct punct conj obj punct punct root Broken ADJ or CCONJ very ADV simple ADJ speech NOUN in ADP a DET language NOUN you PRON do AUX not PART know VERB well ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT pidgin NOUN French PROPN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Broken broken ADJ Degree=Pos 5 speech amod 2 or or CCONJ _ 4 simple cc 3 very very ADV _ 4 simple advmod 4 simple simple ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Broken conj 5 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 8 language case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 language det 8 language language NOUN Number=Sing 5 speech nmod 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 know nsubj 10 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 know aux 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 12 know advmod 12 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 language acl:relcl 13 well well ADV Degree=Pos 12 know advmod 14 : : PUNCT _ 16 pidgin punct 15 « « PUNCT _ 16 pidgin punct 16 pidgin pidgin NOUN Number=Sing 5 speech conj 17 French French PROPN Number=Sing 16 pidgin obj 18 » » PUNCT _ 17 French punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 speech punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not know present · do-support you a language not said here well property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer language=Stimulus
Example 1 A pidgin has a small vocabulary and simple grammar.
det nsubj det amod obj cc amod conj punct root A DET pidgin NOUN has VERB a DET small ADJ vocabulary NOUN and CCONJ simple ADJ grammar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pidgin det 2 pidgin pidgin NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 vocabulary det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 vocabulary amod 6 vocabulary vocabulary NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 grammar cc 8 simple simple ADJ Degree=Pos 9 grammar amod 9 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 6 vocabulary conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a pidgin a small vocabulary and simple grammar vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vocabulary=Patient
Example 2 Nigerian Pidgin is spoken by millions of people.
nsubj:pass flat aux:pass case obl:agent case nmod punct root Nigerian PROPN Pidgin PROPN is AUX spoken VERB by ADP millions NOUN of ADP people NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nigerian Nigerian PROPN Number=Sing 4 spoken nsubj:pass 2 Pidgin Pidgin PROPN Number=Sing 1 Nigerian flat 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 spoken aux:pass 4 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 6 millions case 6 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 4 spoken obl:agent 7 of of ADP _ 8 people case 8 people people NOUN Number=Plur 6 millions nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 spoken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present · passive millions of people Nigerian tree rules
Example 3 Tok Pisin began as a pidgin and is now an official language of Papua New Guinea.
The tree, 16 words nsubj flat case det obl cc cop advmod det amod conj case compound compound nmod punct root Tok PROPN Pisin PROPN began VERB as ADP a DET pidgin NOUN and CCONJ is AUX now ADV an DET official ADJ language NOUN of ADP Papua PROPN New PROPN Guinea PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tok Tok PROPN Number=Sing 3 began nsubj 2 Pisin Pisin PROPN Number=Sing 1 Tok flat 3 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 as as ADP _ 6 pidgin case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 pidgin det 6 pidgin pidgin NOUN Number=Sing 3 began obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 12 language cc 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 language cop 9 now now ADV PronType=Dem 12 language advmod 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 language det 11 official official ADJ Degree=Pos 12 language amod 12 language language NOUN Number=Sing 3 began conj 13 of of ADP _ 16 Guinea case 14 Papua Papua PROPN Number=Sing 16 Guinea compound 15 New New PROPN Number=Sing 16 Guinea compound 16 Guinea Guinea PROPN Number=Sing 12 language nmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 began punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 begin past Tok as a pidgin vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 is a present Tok not said here a official language now of Papua New Guinea tree rules
Example 4 On holiday, Dad got by with pidgin Spanish.
case obl punct nsubj case case nmod:desc obl punct root On ADP holiday NOUN , PUNCT Dad NOUN got VERB by ADP with ADP pidgin NOUN Spanish PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 2 holiday case 2 holiday holiday NOUN Number=Sing 5 got obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 holiday punct 4 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 5 got nsubj 5 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 by by ADP _ 9 Spanish case 7 with with ADP _ 9 Spanish case 8 pidgin pidgin NOUN Number=Sing 9 Spanish nmod:desc 9 Spanish Spanish PROPN Number=Sing 5 got obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past Dad holiday by Spanish pidgin vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent on holiday=Source
Example 5 Traders made a pidgin so they could buy and sell.
nsubj det obj mark nsubj aux advcl cc conj punct root Traders NOUN made VERB a DET pidgin NOUN so SCONJ they PRON could AUX buy VERB and CCONJ sell VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Traders trader NOUN Number=Plur 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 pidgin det 4 pidgin pidgin NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 5 so so SCONJ _ 8 buy mark 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 buy nsubj 7 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 buy aux 8 buy buy VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 made advcl 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 sell cc 10 sell sell VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 buy conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Traders a pidgin vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pidgin=Product 2 buy could Traders = trader vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent 3 sell infinitive Traders = trader not said here vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent
Example 6 When a pidgin becomes a first language, it is called a creole.
mark det nsubj advcl det amod xcomp punct nsubj:pass aux:pass det xcomp punct root When SCONJ a DET pidgin NOUN becomes VERB a DET first ADJ language NOUN , PUNCT it PRON is AUX called VERB a DET creole NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when SCONJ _ 4 becomes mark 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 pidgin det 3 pidgin pidgin NOUN Number=Sing 4 becomes nsubj 4 becomes become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 called advcl 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 language det 6 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 7 language amod 7 language language NOUN Number=Sing 4 becomes xcomp 8 , , PUNCT _ 4 becomes punct 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 called nsubj:pass 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 called aux:pass 11 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 creole det 13 creole creole NOUN Number=Sing 11 called xcomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 11 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become present a pidgin a first language vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 2 call present · passive pidgin vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous picturesquenext → pie↑ back to P in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/pidgin/