pile Who acts: pile, things, Piles, 4 piles, She, He · What happens: be, put, pile up, grow, mean, push · To what, where: lot, one, top, pile, big post, ground
«pile» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pile in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A pile is a lot of things put one on top of another.
det nsubj cop det case nmod acl obj case nmod case nmod punct root A DET pile NOUN is AUX a DET lot NOUN of ADP things NOUN put VERB one NUM on ADP top NOUN of ADP another DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pile det 2 pile pile NOUN Number=Sing 5 lot nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 lot cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lot det 5 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 things case 7 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 5 lot nmod 8 put put VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 things acl 9 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 put obj 10 on on ADP _ 11 top case 11 top top NOUN Number=Sing 9 one nmod 12 of of ADP _ 13 another case 13 another another DET PronType=Ind 11 top nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 lot punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a pile a lot of things tree rules 2 put participle things not said here one top of another vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme on top=Destination
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To pile (up) is to put things in a pile, or to grow into a pile.
The tree, 16 words mark advcl punct compound:prt punct cop mark obj case det obl punct cc mark conj case det obl punct root To PART pile VERB ( PUNCT up ADP ) PUNCT is AUX to PART put VERB things NOUN in ADP a DET pile NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART grow VERB into ADP a DET pile NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 pile mark 2 pile pile VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 put advcl 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 up punct 4 up up ADP _ 2 pile compound:prt 5 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 pile punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 put cop 7 to to PART _ 8 put mark 8 put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 8 put obj 10 in in ADP _ 12 pile case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 pile det 12 pile pile NOUN Number=Sing 8 put obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 grow punct 14 or or CCONJ _ 16 grow cc 15 to to PART _ 16 grow mark 16 grow grow VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 8 put conj 17 into into ADP _ 19 pile case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 pile det 19 pile pile NOUN Number=Sing 16 grow obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 8 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pile up to-infinitive vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme 2 is present a pile put property tree rules 3 grow to-infinitive into a pile result vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into pile=Result
Meaning 3 «Piles of» or «a pile of» can mean a lot of: piles of homework.
The tree, 14 words punct nsubj case punct cc punct det conj case punct aux det obj case punct nmod case nmod punct root « PUNCT Piles NOUN of ADP » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT a DET pile NOUN of ADP » PUNCT can AUX mean VERB a DET lot NOUN of ADP : PUNCT piles NOUN of ADP homework NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Piles punct 2 Piles pile NOUN Number=Plur 12 mean nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 » case 4 » » PUNCT _ 2 Piles punct 5 or or CCONJ _ 8 pile cc 6 « « PUNCT _ 8 pile punct 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 pile det 8 pile pile NOUN Number=Sing 2 Piles conj 9 of of ADP _ 8 pile case 10 » » PUNCT _ 8 pile punct 11 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 mean aux 12 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 lot det 14 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 12 mean obj 15 of of ADP _ 17 piles case 16 : : PUNCT _ 17 piles punct 17 piles pile NOUN Number=Plur 14 lot nmod 18 of of ADP _ 19 homework case 19 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 17 piles nmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 12 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Piles or a pile a lot of piles of homework vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Topic
Meaning 4 A pile is also a big post pushed into the ground to hold up a building or bridge.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop advmod det amod acl case det obl mark advcl compound:prt det obj cc conj punct root A DET pile NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET big ADJ post NOUN pushed VERB into ADP the DET ground NOUN to PART hold VERB up ADP a DET building NOUN or CCONJ bridge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pile det 2 pile pile NOUN Number=Sing 7 post nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 post cop 4 also also ADV _ 7 post advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 post det 6 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 7 post amod 7 post post NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 pushed push VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 post acl 9 into into ADP _ 11 ground case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 ground det 11 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 8 pushed obl 12 to to PART _ 13 hold mark 13 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 pushed advcl 14 up up ADP _ 13 hold compound:prt 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 building det 16 building building NOUN Number=Sing 13 hold obj 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 bridge cc 18 bridge bridge NOUN Number=Sing 16 building conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 7 post punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a pile a big post tree rules 2 push participle a big post not said here the ground vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into ground=Destination 3 hold up to-infinitive a building or bridge vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot building=Theme
Example 1 There are 4 piles of 10 books.
expl nummod nsubj case nummod nmod punct root There PRON are VERB 4 NUM piles NOUN of ADP 10 NUM books NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 piles nummod 4 piles pile NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 of of ADP _ 7 books case 6 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 books nummod 7 books book NOUN Number=Plur 4 piles nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 4 piles of 10 books there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 She made 3 piles of leaves.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod punct root She PRON made VERB 3 NUM piles NOUN of ADP leaves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 piles nummod 4 piles pile NOUN Number=Plur 2 made obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 leaves case 6 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 4 piles nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past She 3 piles of leaves vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pile=Product
Example 3 He put the cards into 5 equal piles.
nsubj det obj case nummod amod obl punct root He PRON put VERB the DET cards NOUN into ADP 5 NUM equal ADJ piles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 put nsubj 2 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 cards det 4 cards card NOUN Number=Plur 2 put obj 5 into into ADP _ 8 piles case 6 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 piles nummod 7 equal equal ADJ Degree=Pos 8 piles amod 8 piles pile NOUN Number=Plur 2 put obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past He the cards 5 equal piles vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent card=Goal
Example 4 How many are in each pile?
advmod nsubj cop case det punct root How ADV many ADJ are AUX in ADP each DET pile NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 6 pile nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 pile cop 4 in in ADP _ 6 pile case 5 each each DET PronType=Tot 6 pile det 6 pile pile NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 pile punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present many each pile tree rules
Example 5 The kids jumped into the pile of leaves.
det nsubj case det obl case nmod punct root The DET kids NOUN jumped VERB into ADP the DET pile NOUN of ADP leaves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 kids det 2 kids kid NOUN Number=Plur 3 jumped nsubj 3 jumped jump VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 into into ADP _ 6 pile case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 pile det 6 pile pile NOUN Number=Sing 3 jumped obl 7 of of ADP _ 8 leaves case 8 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 6 pile nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 jumped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 jump past the kids into the pile of leaves result vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into pile=Result
Example 6 My clothes are in a pile on the floor.
nmod:poss nsubj cop case det case det nmod punct root My PRON clothes NOUN are AUX in ADP a DET pile NOUN on ADP the DET floor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 clothes nmod:poss 2 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 6 pile nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 pile cop 4 in in ADP _ 6 pile case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 pile det 6 pile pile NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 on on ADP _ 9 floor case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 floor det 9 floor floor NOUN Number=Sing 6 pile nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 pile punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present My clothes a pile on the floor tree rules
Example 7 The snow piled up against the door.
det nsubj compound:prt case det obl punct root The DET snow NOUN piled VERB up ADP against ADP the DET door NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 snow det 2 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 3 piled nsubj 3 piled pile VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 piled compound:prt 5 against against ADP _ 7 door case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 door det 7 door door NOUN Number=Sing 3 piled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 piled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pile up participle the snow the door vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme against door=Destination
Example 8 I have a pile of homework tonight.
nsubj det obj case nmod obl:unmarked punct root I PRON have VERB a DET pile NOUN of ADP homework NOUN tonight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 pile det 4 pile pile NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 homework case 6 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 4 pile nmod 7 tonight tonight NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present I a pile of homework tonight vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pile=Patient
Example 9 Sort the coins into piles of ten.
det obj case obl case nmod punct root Sort VERB the DET coins NOUN into ADP piles NOUN of ADP ten NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sort sort VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 coins det 3 coins coin NOUN Number=Plur 1 Sort obj 4 into into ADP _ 5 piles case 5 piles pile NOUN Number=Plur 1 Sort obl 6 of of ADP _ 7 ten case 7 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 piles nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Sort punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sort imperative you not said here the coins into piles of ten goal vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent coin=Theme into pile=Goal
Example 10 On a pile of cushions, covered with tapestry, sat the boy.
case det obl case nmod punct acl case obl punct det obj punct root On ADP a DET pile NOUN of ADP cushions NOUN , PUNCT covered VERB with ADP tapestry NOUN , PUNCT sat VERB the DET boy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 3 pile case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 pile det 3 pile pile NOUN Number=Sing 11 sat obl 4 of of ADP _ 5 cushions case 5 cushions cushion NOUN Number=Plur 3 pile nmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 covered punct 7 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 cushions acl 8 with with ADP _ 9 tapestry case 9 tapestry tapestry NOUN Number=Sing 7 covered obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 3 pile punct 11 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 boy det 13 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 11 sat obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 11 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover participle cushions not said here with tapestry vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with tapestry=Theme 2 sit past the boy a pile of cushions vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent boy=Theme on pile=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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