pinion

Who acts: arms, bird, teeth, guards, eagle, rack · What happens: hold, tie, not move, cut, not fly, fit · To what, where: arms, them, wing feathers, larger wheel, Toad, pinions

«pinion» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pinion in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

To hold or tie someone's arms tightly so they cannot move them.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 hold	mark
2	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 tie	cc
4	tie	tie	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 hold	conj
5	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 arms	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 someone	case
7	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 tie	obj
8	tightly	tightly	ADV	_	4 tie	advmod
9	so	so	SCONJ	_	13 move	mark
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 move	nsubj
11	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 move	aux
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 move	advmod
13	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 tie	advcl
14	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 move	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 hold	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	hold	to-infinitive				vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	tie	infinitive		someone's arms	tightly property	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient
3	not move	can	arms = arm	them = they		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent they=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

To cut or tie a bird's wing feathers so it cannot fly.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 cut	mark
2	cut	cut	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 tie	cc
4	tie	tie	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 cut	conj
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 bird	det
6	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 feathers	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 bird	case
8	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 feathers	compound
9	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 tie	obj
10	so	so	SCONJ	_	14 fly	mark
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 fly	nsubj
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 fly	aux
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 fly	advmod
14	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 tie	advcl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 cut	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	cut	to-infinitive			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	tie	infinitive		a bird's wing feathers	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient
3	not fly	can	bird		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Meaning 3

Usage: noun, poetic — kept apart, not parsed.

A bird's wing, or the outer part of a wing.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bird	det
2	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wing	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 bird	case
4	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 part	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 part	punct
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 part	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 part	det
8	outer	outer	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 part	amod
9	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 wing	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 wing	det
12	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 part	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 part	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 4

Usage: noun, machines — kept apart, not parsed.

A small gear wheel with teeth that fits into a larger wheel or a toothed bar (rack and pinion).

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 wheel	det
2	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 wheel	amod
3	gear	gear	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wheel	compound
4	wheel	wheel	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 teeth	case
6	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 wheel	nmod
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 fits	nsubj
8	fits	fit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 teeth	acl:relcl
9	into	into	ADP	_	12 wheel	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 wheel	det
11	larger	large	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 wheel	amod
12	wheel	wheel	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 fits	obl
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 bar	cc
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 bar	det
15	toothed	toothed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 bar	amod
16	bar	bar	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 wheel	conj
17	(	(	PUNCT	_	18 rack	punct
18	rack	rack	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 bar	appos
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 pinion	cc
20	pinion	pinion	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 rack	conj
21	)	)	PUNCT	_	18 rack	punct
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 wheel	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fit	present	teeth			a larger wheel or a toothed bar			vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent into wheel=Destination

Example 1

The guards pinioned the thief's arms.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 guards	det
2	guards	guard	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pinioned	nsubj
3	pinioned	pinion	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 thief	det
5	thief	thief	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 arms	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 thief	case
7	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pinioned	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 pinioned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pinion	past	the guards	the thief's arms					vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Source

Example 2

Toad was seized and pinioned by two policemen.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 seized	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 seized	aux:pass
3	seized	seize	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 pinioned	cc
5	pinioned	pinion	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 seized	conj
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 policemen	case
7	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 policemen	nummod
8	policemen	policeman	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 pinioned	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 seized	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	seize	past · passive		Toad					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	pinion	participle						by two policemen	vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Example 3

The eagle spread its pinions.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 eagle	det
2	eagle	eagle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 spread	nsubj
3	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 pinions	nmod:poss
5	pinions	pinion	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 spread	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 spread	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spread	past	the eagle	eagle's pinions					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location pinion=Theme

Example 4

A rack and pinion moves the train up the mountain.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 rack	det
2	rack	rack	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 moves	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 pinion	cc
4	pinion	pinion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rack	conj
5	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 train	det
7	train	train	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 moves	obj
8	up	up	ADP	_	5 moves	compound:prt
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 mountain	det
10	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 moves	obl:unmarked
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 moves	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move up	present	a rack and pinion	the train				the mountain obl:unmarked	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent train=Theme

Example 5

The swans' wings were pinioned so they could not fly away.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 swans	det
2	swans	swan	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 wings	nmod:poss
3	'	's	PART	_	2 swans	case
4	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 pinioned	nsubj
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 pinioned	aux:pass
6	pinioned	pinion	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	so	so	SCONJ	_	11 fly	mark
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 fly	nsubj
9	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 fly	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 fly	advmod
11	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 pinioned	advcl
12	away	away	ADV	_	11 fly	advmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 pinioned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pinion	past · passive		the swans's wings					vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Source
2	not fly away	could	wings = wing					away property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 6

He was pinioned to the ground by the bigger boy.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 pinioned	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 pinioned	aux:pass
3	pinioned	pinion	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 ground	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ground	det
6	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pinioned	obl
7	by	by	ADP	_	10 boy	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 boy	det
9	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 boy	amod
10	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pinioned	obl:agent
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 pinioned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pinion	past · passive	the bigger boy	He				to the ground	vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Source

Example 7

They are curious birds; they give one flap with their wings, and then on their outstretched pinions soar far away.

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 birds	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 birds	cop
3	curious	curious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 birds	amod
4	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	7 give	punct
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 give	nsubj
7	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 birds	acl:relcl
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 flap	nummod
9	flap	flap	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 give	obj
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 wings	case
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 wings	nmod:poss
12	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 give	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 soar	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 soar	cc
15	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	20 soar	advmod
16	on	on	ADP	_	19 pinions	case
17	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 pinions	nmod:poss
18	outstretched	outstretched	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 pinions	amod
19	pinions	pinion	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 soar	nsubj
20	soar	soar	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 give	conj
21	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	22 away	advmod
22	away	away	ADV	_	20 soar	advmod
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 birds	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	curious birds			tree rules
2	give	present	birds = bird	one flap		with birds's wings	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flap=Theme
3	soar	present	birds's outstretched pinions		then	away property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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