pirozhki Who acts: Pirozhki, It, Gran, We, mum, One little bun · What happens: bake, fry, be, fill, eat, borrow · To what, where: small baked buns, Russia, borrowed word, word, pirozhki, hot pirozhki · Speech: someone speaks here
«pirozhki» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pirozhki in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Pirozhki are small baked or fried buns filled with things like potato, cabbage, meat, mushrooms, cheese or fruit, eaten in Russia, Ukraine and nearby countries.
The tree, 25 words nsubj cop amod amod cc conj acl case obl case nmod punct conj punct conj punct conj punct conj cc conj punct acl case obl punct conj cc amod conj punct root Pirozhki NOUN are AUX small ADJ baked VERB or CCONJ fried VERB buns NOUN filled VERB with ADP things NOUN like ADP potato NOUN , PUNCT cabbage NOUN , PUNCT meat NOUN , PUNCT mushrooms NOUN , PUNCT cheese NOUN or CCONJ fruit NOUN , PUNCT eaten VERB in ADP Russia PROPN , PUNCT Ukraine PROPN and CCONJ nearby ADJ countries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pirozhki pirozhki NOUN Number=Sing 7 buns nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 buns cop 3 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 buns amod 4 baked bake VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 buns amod 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 fried cc 6 fried fry VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 baked conj 7 buns bun NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 filled fill VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 buns acl 9 with with ADP _ 10 things case 10 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 8 filled obl 11 like like ADP _ 12 potato case 12 potato potato NOUN Number=Sing 10 things nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 cabbage punct 14 cabbage cabbage NOUN Number=Sing 12 potato conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 meat punct 16 meat meat NOUN Number=Sing 12 potato conj 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 mushrooms punct 18 mushrooms mushroom NOUN Number=Plur 12 potato conj 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 cheese punct 20 cheese cheese NOUN Number=Sing 12 potato conj 21 or or CCONJ _ 22 fruit cc 22 fruit fruit NOUN Number=Sing 12 potato conj 23 , , PUNCT _ 24 eaten punct 24 eaten eat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 buns acl 25 in in ADP _ 26 Russia case 26 Russia Russia PROPN Number=Sing 24 eaten obl 27 , , PUNCT _ 28 Ukraine punct 28 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN Number=Sing 26 Russia conj 29 and and CCONJ _ 31 countries cc 30 nearby nearby ADJ Degree=Pos 31 countries amod 31 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 26 Russia conj 32 . . PUNCT _ 7 buns punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bake participle vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 fry participle vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 is a present Pirozhki small baked buns tree rules 4 fill participle small baked buns not said here with things like potato and cabbage and meat and mushrooms and cheese or fruit vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with thing=Instrument 5 eat participle small baked buns not said here Russia and Ukraine and nearby countries vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It is a borrowed word (from Russian), not an English word; in Ukrainian they are called pyrizhky.
The tree, 17 words nsubj cop det amod punct case appos punct punct advmod det amod conj punct case nmod nsubj:pass aux:pass parataxis xcomp punct root It PRON is AUX a DET borrowed VERB word NOUN ( PUNCT from ADP Russian PROPN ) PUNCT , PUNCT not PART an DET English ADJ word NOUN ; PUNCT in ADP Ukrainian PROPN they PRON are AUX called VERB pyrizhky NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 word nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 word cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 word det 4 borrowed borrow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 word amod 5 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 ( ( PUNCT _ 8 Russian punct 7 from from ADP _ 8 Russian case 8 Russian Russian PROPN Number=Sing 5 word appos 9 ) ) PUNCT _ 8 Russian punct 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 word punct 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 14 word advmod 12 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 word det 13 English English ADJ Degree=Pos 14 word amod 14 word word NOUN Number=Sing 5 word conj 15 ; ; PUNCT _ 14 word punct 16 in in ADP _ 17 Ukrainian case 17 Ukrainian Ukrainian PROPN Number=Sing 14 word nmod 18 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 called nsubj:pass 19 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 called aux:pass 20 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 word parataxis 21 pyrizhky pyrizhky NOUN Number=Sing 20 called xcomp 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 borrow participle vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 is a present It a borrowed word and a English word in Ukrainian tree rules 3 call present · passive word vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 1 Gran made pirozhki filled with potato and onion.
nsubj obj acl case obl cc conj punct root Gran PROPN made VERB pirozhki NOUN filled VERB with ADP potato NOUN and CCONJ onion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gran Gran PROPN Number=Sing 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 pirozhki pirozhki NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 4 filled fill VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 pirozhki acl 5 with with ADP _ 6 potato case 6 potato potato NOUN Number=Sing 4 filled obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 onion cc 8 onion onion NOUN Number=Sing 6 potato conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Gran pirozhki vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pirozhki=Product 2 fill participle pirozhki not said here with potato and onion vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with potato=Instrument
Example 2 We bought hot pirozhki at the market stall.
nsubj amod obj case det compound obl punct root We PRON bought VERB hot ADJ pirozhki NOUN at ADP the DET market NOUN stall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 bought nsubj 2 bought buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 4 pirozhki amod 4 pirozhki pirozhki NOUN Number=Sing 2 bought obj 5 at at ADP _ 8 stall case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 stall det 7 market market NOUN Number=Sing 8 stall compound 8 stall stall NOUN Number=Sing 2 bought obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 bought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy past We hot pirozhki the market stall vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent pirozhki=Theme at stall=Asset
Example 3 Some pirozhki are sweet, with apple or cherry inside.
det nsubj cop punct case conj cc conj advmod punct root Some DET pirozhki NOUN are AUX sweet ADJ , PUNCT with ADP apple NOUN or CCONJ cherry NOUN inside ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 pirozhki det 2 pirozhki pirozhki NOUN Number=Sing 4 sweet nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 sweet cop 4 sweet sweet ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 apple punct 6 with with ADP _ 7 apple case 7 apple apple NOUN Number=Sing 4 sweet conj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 cherry cc 9 cherry cherry NOUN Number=Sing 7 apple conj 10 inside inside ADV _ 7 apple advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 sweet punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present some pirozhki sweet property tree rules
Example 4 My friend's mum brought pirozhki to the class food fair.
nmod:poss nmod:poss case nsubj obj case det compound compound obl punct root My PRON friend NOUN 's PART mum NOUN brought VERB pirozhki NOUN to ADP the DET class NOUN food NOUN fair NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 friend nmod:poss 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 4 mum nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 friend case 4 mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 5 brought nsubj 5 brought bring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 pirozhki pirozhki NOUN Number=Sing 5 brought obj 7 to to ADP _ 11 fair case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 fair det 9 class class NOUN Number=Sing 10 food compound 10 food food NOUN Number=Sing 11 fair compound 11 fair fair NOUN Number=Sing 5 brought obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 brought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bring past My friend's mum pirozhki the food fair vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent pirozhki=Theme to fair=Destination
Example 5 Pirozhki can be baked in the oven or fried in a pan.
nsubj:pass aux aux:pass case det obl cc conj case det obl punct root Pirozhki NOUN can AUX be AUX baked VERB in ADP the DET oven NOUN or CCONJ fried VERB in ADP a DET pan NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pirozhki pirozhki NOUN Number=Sing 4 baked nsubj:pass 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 baked aux 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 baked aux:pass 4 baked bake VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 oven case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 oven det 7 oven oven NOUN Number=Sing 4 baked obl 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 fried cc 9 fried fry VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 baked conj 10 in in ADP _ 12 pan case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 pan det 12 pan pan NOUN Number=Sing 9 fried obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 baked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bake can · passive Pirozhki in the oven vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient in oven=Instrument 2 fry participle in a pan vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient in pan=Instrument
Example 6 In Ukrainian they are called pyrizhky.
case obl nsubj:pass aux:pass xcomp punct root In ADP Ukrainian PROPN they PRON are AUX called VERB pyrizhky NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Ukrainian case 2 Ukrainian Ukrainian PROPN Number=Sing 5 called obl 3 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 called nsubj:pass 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 called aux:pass 5 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 pyrizhky pyrizhky NOUN Number=Sing 5 called xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive they Ukrainian vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 7 One little bun is a pirozhok; lots are pirozhki.
nummod amod nsubj cop det punct nsubj cop conj punct root One NUM little ADJ bun NOUN is AUX a DET pirozhok NOUN ; PUNCT lots NOUN are AUX pirozhki NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 bun nummod 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bun amod 3 bun bun NOUN Number=Sing 6 pirozhok nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 pirozhok cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 pirozhok det 6 pirozhok pirozhok NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 pirozhki punct 8 lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 10 pirozhki nsubj 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 pirozhki cop 10 pirozhki pirozhki NOUN Number=Sing 6 pirozhok conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 pirozhok punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present One little bun a pirozhok and pirozhki tree rules 2 is a present lots pirozhki tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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