plantation Who acts: plantation, many plantations, enslaved African people, Enslaved people, pine plantation, Cutting · What happens: be, grow, plant, use, enslave, force · To what, where: large farm, one crop, area, many trees, rows, enslaved African people
«plantation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: plantation in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A plantation is a large farm, usually in a hot country, where one crop such as cotton, sugar, tea, coffee or rubber is grown.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj cop det amod punct advmod case det amod conj punct advmod nummod nsubj:pass case fixed nmod punct conj punct conj punct conj cc conj aux:pass conj punct root A DET plantation NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ farm NOUN , PUNCT usually ADV in ADP a DET hot ADJ country NOUN , PUNCT where ADV one NUM crop NOUN such ADJ as ADP cotton NOUN , PUNCT sugar NOUN , PUNCT tea NOUN , PUNCT coffee NOUN or CCONJ rubber NOUN is AUX grown VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 plantation det 2 plantation plantation NOUN Number=Sing 6 farm nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 farm cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 farm det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 6 farm amod 6 farm farm NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 country punct 8 usually usually ADV _ 12 country advmod 9 in in ADP _ 12 country case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 country det 11 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 12 country amod 12 country country NOUN Number=Sing 6 farm conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 29 grown punct 14 where where ADV PronType=Rel 29 grown advmod 15 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 16 crop nummod 16 crop crop NOUN Number=Sing 29 grown nsubj:pass 17 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 19 cotton case 18 as as ADP _ 17 such fixed 19 cotton cotton NOUN Number=Sing 16 crop nmod 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 sugar punct 21 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 16 crop conj 22 , , PUNCT _ 23 tea punct 23 tea tea NOUN Number=Sing 21 sugar conj 24 , , PUNCT _ 25 coffee punct 25 coffee coffee NOUN Number=Sing 16 crop conj 26 or or CCONJ _ 27 rubber cc 27 rubber rubber NOUN Number=Sing 25 coffee conj 28 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 29 grown aux:pass 29 grown grow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 country conj 30 . . PUNCT _ 6 farm punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a plantation a large farm and a hot country tree rules 2 grow present · passive one crop such cotton and sugar and tea and coffee or rubber vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A plantation is also an area where many trees have been planted in rows, for example for wood.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop advmod det advmod amod nsubj:pass aux aux:pass acl:relcl case obl punct case obl case obl punct root A DET plantation NOUN is AUX also ADV an DET area NOUN where ADV many ADJ trees NOUN have AUX been AUX planted VERB in ADP rows NOUN , PUNCT for ADP example NOUN for ADP wood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 plantation det 2 plantation plantation NOUN Number=Sing 6 area nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 area cop 4 also also ADV _ 6 area advmod 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 area det 6 area area NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 where where ADV PronType=Rel 12 planted advmod 8 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 9 trees amod 9 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 12 planted nsubj:pass 10 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 planted aux 11 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 12 planted aux:pass 12 planted plant VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 area acl:relcl 13 in in ADP _ 14 rows case 14 rows row NOUN Number=Plur 12 planted obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 17 example punct 16 for for ADP _ 17 example case 17 example example NOUN Number=Sing 12 planted obl 18 for for ADP _ 19 wood case 19 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 12 planted obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 area punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a plantation a area tree rules 2 plant present · perfect · passive many trees rows for example; for wood vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in row=Destination
Meaning 3 Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.
In the past, many plantations in the Americas used enslaved African people who were forced to work without pay.
The tree, 19 words case det obl punct amod nsubj case det nmod amod amod obj nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl mark xcomp case obl punct root In ADP the DET past NOUN , PUNCT many ADJ plantations NOUN in ADP the DET Americas PROPN used VERB enslaved VERB African ADJ people NOUN who PRON were AUX forced VERB to PART work VERB without ADP pay NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 past case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 past det 3 past past NOUN Number=Sing 10 used obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 past punct 5 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 6 plantations amod 6 plantations plantation NOUN Number=Plur 10 used nsubj 7 in in ADP _ 9 Americas case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Americas det 9 Americas AMERICAS PROPN Number=Plur 6 plantations nmod 10 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 enslaved enslave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 people amod 12 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 13 people amod 13 people people NOUN Number=Plur 10 used obj 14 who who PRON PronType=Rel 16 forced nsubj:pass 15 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 forced aux:pass 16 forced force VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 people acl:relcl 17 to to PART _ 18 work mark 18 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 forced xcomp 19 without without ADP _ 20 pay case 20 pay pay NOUN Number=Sing 18 work obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 10 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past many plantations in the Americas enslaved African people the past vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient 2 enslave participle vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 force past · passive enslaved African people vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic 4 work to-infinitive enslaved African people not said here without pay vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Tea is grown on huge plantations on green hillsides.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod obl case amod nmod punct root Tea NOUN is AUX grown VERB on ADP huge ADJ plantations NOUN on ADP green ADJ hillsides NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tea tea NOUN Number=Sing 3 grown nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 grown aux:pass 3 grown grow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 plantations case 5 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 6 plantations amod 6 plantations plantation NOUN Number=Plur 3 grown obl 7 on on ADP _ 9 hillsides case 8 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 9 hillsides amod 9 hillsides hillside NOUN Number=Plur 6 plantations nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 grown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present · passive Tea huge plantations on green hillsides vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 2 Enslaved people were forced to pick cotton on plantations.
amod nsubj:pass aux:pass mark xcomp obj case obl punct root Enslaved VERB people NOUN were AUX forced VERB to PART pick VERB cotton NOUN on ADP plantations NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Enslaved enslave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 people amod 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 forced nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 forced aux:pass 4 forced force VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 to to PART _ 6 pick mark 6 pick pick VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 forced xcomp 7 cotton cotton NOUN Number=Sing 6 pick obj 8 on on ADP _ 9 plantations case 9 plantations plantation NOUN Number=Plur 6 pick obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 forced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 enslave participle vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 force past · passive Enslaved people vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic 3 pick to-infinitive Enslaved people not said here cotton plantations vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cotton=Patient
Example 3 The pine plantation had trees in straight rows.
det compound nsubj obj case amod obl punct root The DET pine NOUN plantation NOUN had VERB trees NOUN in ADP straight ADJ rows NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 plantation det 2 pine pine NOUN Number=Sing 3 plantation compound 3 plantation plantation NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 4 had obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 rows case 7 straight straight ADJ Degree=Pos 8 rows amod 8 rows row NOUN Number=Plur 4 had obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the pine plantation trees straight rows vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient
Example 4 Cutting forests for palm oil plantations harms orangutans.
csubj obj case compound compound obl obj punct root Cutting VERB forests NOUN for ADP palm NOUN oil NOUN plantations NOUN harms VERB orangutans NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cutting cut VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 harms csubj 2 forests forest NOUN Number=Plur 1 Cutting obj 3 for for ADP _ 6 plantations case 4 palm palm NOUN Number=Sing 5 oil compound 5 oil oil NOUN Number=Sing 6 plantations compound 6 plantations plantation NOUN Number=Plur 1 Cutting obl 7 harms harm VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 orangutans orangutan NOUN Number=Plur 7 harms obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 harms punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut gerund forests for oil plantations vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent forest=Product for plantation=Asset 2 harm present Cutting orangutans vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus orangutan=Experiencer
Example 5 We read a story about a girl who escaped from a plantation.
nsubj det obj case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl case det obl punct root We PRON read VERB a DET story NOUN about ADP a DET girl NOUN who PRON escaped VERB from ADP a DET plantation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 read nsubj 2 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 story det 4 story story NOUN Number=Sing 2 read obj 5 about about ADP _ 7 girl case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 girl det 7 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 4 story nmod 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 9 escaped nsubj 9 escaped escape VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 girl acl:relcl 10 from from ADP _ 12 plantation case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 plantation det 12 plantation plantation NOUN Number=Sing 9 escaped obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read past We a story about a girl vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Topic 2 escape past a girl a plantation vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from plantation=Initial_Location
Example 6 Workers on the coffee plantation pick the beans by hand.
nsubj case det compound nmod det obj case obl punct root Workers NOUN on ADP the DET coffee NOUN plantation NOUN pick VERB the DET beans NOUN by ADP hand NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Workers worker NOUN Number=Plur 6 pick nsubj 2 on on ADP _ 5 plantation case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 plantation det 4 coffee coffee NOUN Number=Sing 5 plantation compound 5 plantation plantation NOUN Number=Sing 1 Workers nmod 6 pick pick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 beans det 8 beans bean NOUN Number=Plur 6 pick obj 9 by by ADP _ 10 hand case 10 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 6 pick obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 pick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pick present Workers on the coffee plantation the beans by hand vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bean=Patient
Example 7 When she was gone, no one attended to her plantations, and the garden ran to waste.
The tree, 16 words mark nsubj cop advcl punct det parataxis acl case nmod:poss obl punct cc det nsubj mark xcomp punct root When SCONJ she PRON was AUX gone ADJ , PUNCT no DET one NOUN attended VERB to ADP her PRON plantations NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET garden NOUN ran VERB to PART waste VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when SCONJ _ 4 gone mark 2 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 gone nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 gone cop 4 gone gone ADJ Degree=Pos 16 ran advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 one punct 6 no no DET PronType=Neg 7 one det 7 one one NOUN Number=Sing 4 gone parataxis 8 attended attend VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 one acl 9 to to ADP _ 11 plantations case 10 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 plantations nmod:poss 11 plantations plantation NOUN Number=Plur 8 attended obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 ran punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 16 ran cc 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 garden det 15 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 16 ran nsubj 16 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 17 to to PART _ 18 waste mark 18 waste waste VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 ran xcomp 19 . . PUNCT _ 16 ran punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past she gone property tree rules 2 attend participle no one not said here to her plantations vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent to plantation=Theme 3 run past the garden vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 4 waste to-infinitive the garden not said here vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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