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polar

Who acts: Polar bears, Penguins, polar ice caps, Earth, sun, brother · What happens: do, live, melt, warm, not rise, be · To what, where: cold areas, science, Arctic, southern polar region, polar opposites, special clothes

«polar» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: polar in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

To do with the North Pole or the South Pole, or the very cold areas around them.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 do	mark
2	do	do	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	6 Pole	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Pole	det
5	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 Pole	compound
6	Pole	Pole	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 do	obl
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 Pole	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Pole	det
9	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Pole	compound
10	Pole	Pole	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 Pole	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 areas	punct
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 areas	cc
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 areas	det
14	very	very	ADV	_	15 cold	advmod
15	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 areas	amod
16	areas	area	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 do	obl
17	around	around	ADP	_	18 them	case
18	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 areas	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 do	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	to-infinitive		the cold areas around areas				with the North Pole or the South Pole	vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Completely opposite.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Completely	completely	ADV	_	2 opposite	advmod
2	opposite	opposite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 opposite	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

"polar opposites".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 opposites	punct
2	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 opposites	amod
3	opposites	opposite	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 opposites	punct
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 opposites	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 3

In science, to do with the poles of a magnet or of the Earth.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 science	case
2	science	science	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 do	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 do	punct
4	to	to	PART	_	5 do	mark
5	do	do	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 poles	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 poles	det
8	poles	pole	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 do	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 magnet	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 magnet	det
11	magnet	magnet	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 poles	nmod
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 Earth	cc
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 Earth	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Earth	det
15	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 magnet	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 do	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	to-infinitive				science		with the poles of a magnet or the Earth	vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 1

Polar bears live in the Arctic.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bears	amod
2	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 live	nsubj
3	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 Arctic	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Arctic	det
6	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 live	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 live	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	Polar bears			the Arctic			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in arctic=Location

Example 2

Penguins live in the southern polar region.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 live	nsubj
2	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	7 region	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 region	det
5	southern	southern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 region	amod
6	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 region	amod
7	region	region	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 live	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 live	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	Penguins			the southern polar region			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in region=Location

Example 3

The polar ice caps are melting as the Earth warms.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 caps	det
2	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 caps	amod
3	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 caps	compound
4	caps	cap	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 melting	nsubj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 melting	aux
6	melting	melt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	as	as	SCONJ	_	10 warms	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Earth	det
9	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 warms	nsubj
10	warms	warm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 melting	advcl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 melting	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt	present · progressive	the polar ice caps						vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	warm	present	the Earth						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Example 4

In polar winters the sun may not rise for weeks.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 winters	case
2	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 winters	amod
3	winters	winter	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 rise	obl
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sun	det
5	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 rise	nsubj
6	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 rise	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 rise	advmod
8	rise	rise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 weeks	case
10	weeks	week	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 rise	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 rise	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not rise	may	the sun				week; winter		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 5

My brother and I are polar opposites: he is loud and I am quiet.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 brother	nmod:poss
2	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 opposites	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 I	cc
4	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 brother	conj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 opposites	cop
6	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 opposites	amod
7	opposites	opposite	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
8	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 loud	punct
9	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 loud	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 loud	cop
11	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 opposites	amod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 quiet	cc
13	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 quiet	nsubj
14	am	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 quiet	cop
15	quiet	quiet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 loud	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 opposites	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	My brother	polar opposites					tree rules
2	is	present	he					loud property	tree rules
3	is	present	I					quiet property	tree rules

Example 6

Explorers need special clothes for polar journeys.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Explorers	explorer	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 need	nsubj
2	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	special	special	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 clothes	amod
4	clothes	clothes	NOUN	Number=Ptan	2 need	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 journeys	case
6	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 journeys	amod
7	journeys	journey	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 clothes	nmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 need	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	Explorers	special clothes				for polar journeys	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot clothes=Theme

Example 7

We made a model of a polar habitat in class.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 made	nsubj
2	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 model	det
4	model	model	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 made	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 habitat	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 habitat	det
7	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 habitat	amod
8	habitat	habitat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 model	nmod
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 class	case
10	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 habitat	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	We	a model of a polar habitat in class					vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent model=Product
2	model			a polar habitat in class					nom model «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Example 8

Birds from the Polar regions came flying here, and of course the stork and the swallow were not absent.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 came	nsubj
2	from	from	ADP	_	5 regions	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 regions	det
4	Polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 regions	amod
5	regions	region	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Birds	nmod
6	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 came	xcomp
8	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	7 flying	advmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 absent	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 absent	cc
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 stork	case
12	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 of	fixed
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 stork	det
14	stork	stork	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 absent	obl
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 swallow	cc
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 swallow	det
17	swallow	swallow	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 stork	conj
18	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 absent	cop
19	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	20 absent	advmod
20	absent	absent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 came	conj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 came	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	Birds from the Polar regions						tree rules
2	fly	gerund	Birds from the Polar regions not said here			here			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	not is	past	Birds from the Polar regions not said here					of the stork and the swallow; absent property	tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/polar/