polecat Who acts: polecat, that, Calling, they, Pet ferrets, Polecats · What happens: be, give off, frighten, call, mean, hunt · To what, where: wild animal, strong smell, old country word, USA, someone, rabbits · Speech: someone speaks here
«polecat» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: polecat in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A polecat is a wild animal of the weasel family, with dark brown fur and a pale face mask, that gives off a strong smell when frightened.
The tree, 27 words det nsubj cop det amod case det compound nmod punct case amod amod conj cc det amod compound conj punct nsubj parataxis compound:prt det amod obj advmod advcl punct root A DET polecat NOUN is AUX a DET wild ADJ animal NOUN of ADP the DET weasel NOUN family NOUN , PUNCT with ADP dark ADJ brown ADJ fur NOUN and CCONJ a DET pale ADJ face NOUN mask NOUN , PUNCT that PRON gives VERB off ADP a DET strong ADJ smell NOUN when ADV frightened VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 polecat det 2 polecat polecat NOUN Number=Sing 6 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 animal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 animal det 5 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 6 animal amod 6 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 10 family case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 family det 9 weasel weasel NOUN Number=Sing 10 family compound 10 family family NOUN Number=Sing 6 animal nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 fur punct 12 with with ADP _ 15 fur case 13 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 15 fur amod 14 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 15 fur amod 15 fur fur NOUN Number=Sing 10 family conj 16 and and CCONJ _ 20 mask cc 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 mask det 18 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos 20 mask amod 19 face face NOUN Number=Sing 20 mask compound 20 mask mask NOUN Number=Sing 10 family conj 21 , , PUNCT _ 23 gives punct 22 that that PRON PronType=Rel 23 gives nsubj 23 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 animal parataxis 24 off off ADP _ 23 gives compound:prt 25 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 27 smell det 26 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 27 smell amod 27 smell smell NOUN Number=Sing 23 gives obj 28 when when ADV PronType=Int 29 frightened advmod 29 frightened frighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 23 gives advcl 30 . . PUNCT _ 6 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a polecat a wild animal of the weasel family and dark brown fur and a pale face mask tree rules 2 give off present that a strong smell vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source smell=Theme 3 frighten participle that not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: USA — kept apart, not parsed.
In the USA, «polecat» is an old country word for a skunk.
The tree, 12 words case det obl punct punct nsubj punct cop det amod compound case det nmod punct root In ADP the DET USA PROPN , PUNCT « PUNCT polecat NOUN » PUNCT is AUX an DET old ADJ country NOUN word NOUN for ADP a DET skunk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 USA case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 USA det 3 USA USA PROPN Number=Sing 12 word obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 polecat punct 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 polecat punct 6 polecat polecat NOUN Number=Sing 12 word nsubj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 polecat punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 word cop 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 word det 10 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 12 word amod 11 country country NOUN Number=Sing 12 word compound 12 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 13 for for ADP _ 15 skunk case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 skunk det 15 skunk skunk NOUN Number=Sing 12 word nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 12 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present polecat a old country word the USA for a skunk tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: old, insult — kept apart, not parsed.
Calling someone a polecat once meant they were nasty.
csubj obj det obj advmod nsubj cop ccomp punct root Calling VERB someone PRON a DET polecat NOUN once ADV meant VERB they PRON were AUX nasty ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Calling call VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 meant csubj 2 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Calling obj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 polecat det 4 polecat polecat NOUN Number=Sing 1 Calling obj 5 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 6 meant advmod 6 meant mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 nasty nsubj 8 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 nasty cop 9 nasty nasty ADJ Degree=Pos 6 meant ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 meant punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call gerund someone vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme polecat=Result 2 mean past Calling once property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 3 is past they nasty property tree rules
Example 1 The polecat hunted rabbits at night.
det nsubj obj case obl punct root The DET polecat NOUN hunted VERB rabbits NOUN at ADP night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 polecat det 2 polecat polecat NOUN Number=Sing 3 hunted nsubj 3 hunted hunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 rabbits rabbit NOUN Number=Plur 3 hunted obj 5 at at ADP _ 6 night case 6 night night NOUN Number=Sing 3 hunted obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 hunted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt past the polecat rabbits night vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rabbit=Theme
Example 2 Pet ferrets are related to polecats.
compound nsubj cop case obl punct root Pet NOUN ferrets NOUN are AUX related ADJ to ADP polecats NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pet pet NOUN Number=Sing 2 ferrets compound 2 ferrets ferret NOUN Number=Plur 4 related nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 related cop 4 related related ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 to to ADP _ 6 polecats case 6 polecats polecat NOUN Number=Plur 4 related obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 related punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Pet ferrets to polecats; related property tree rules
Example 3 Polecats live in Britain and Europe.
nsubj case obl cc conj punct root Polecats NOUN live VERB in ADP Britain PROPN and CCONJ Europe PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Polecats polecat NOUN Number=Plur 2 live nsubj 2 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 Britain case 4 Britain Britain PROPN Number=Sing 2 live obl 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 Europe cc 6 Europe Europe PROPN Number=Sing 4 Britain conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Polecats Britain and Europe vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in britain=Location
Example 4 The polecat has a dark mask on its face.
det nsubj det amod obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root The DET polecat NOUN has VERB a DET dark ADJ mask NOUN on ADP its PRON face NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 polecat det 2 polecat polecat NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 mask det 5 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 6 mask amod 6 mask mask NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 on on ADP _ 9 face case 8 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 face nmod:poss 9 face face NOUN Number=Sing 6 mask nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the polecat a dark mask polecat's face vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mask=Patient
Example 5 (USA) Grandpa called the skunk a polecat.
punct obl punct nsubj det obj det xcomp punct root ( PUNCT USA PROPN ) PUNCT Grandpa PROPN called VERB the DET skunk NOUN a DET polecat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 USA punct 2 USA USA PROPN Number=Sing 5 called obl 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 USA punct 4 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 5 called nsubj 5 called call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 skunk det 7 skunk skunk NOUN Number=Sing 5 called obj 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 polecat det 9 polecat polecat NOUN Number=Sing 5 called xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call past Grandpa USA vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent skunk=Recipient
Example 6 A frightened polecat gives off a nasty smell.
det amod nsubj compound:prt det amod obj punct root A DET frightened ADJ polecat NOUN gives VERB off ADP a DET nasty ADJ smell NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 polecat det 2 frightened frightened ADJ Degree=Pos 3 polecat amod 3 polecat polecat NOUN Number=Sing 4 gives nsubj 4 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 off off ADP _ 4 gives compound:prt 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 smell det 7 nasty nasty ADJ Degree=Pos 8 smell amod 8 smell smell NOUN Number=Sing 4 gives obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 gives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give off present a frightened polecat a nasty smell vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source smell=Theme
Example 7 She had a mane like a horse, horns like a deer, a face like a bear, eyes like a polecat; while her body had something of each.
The tree, 27 words nsubj det obj case det obl punct nmod case det nmod punct det conj case det nmod punct conj case det nmod punct mark nmod:poss nsubj conj obj case nmod punct root She PRON had VERB a DET mane NOUN like ADP a DET horse NOUN , PUNCT horns NOUN like ADP a DET deer NOUN , PUNCT a DET face NOUN like ADP a DET bear NOUN , PUNCT eyes NOUN like ADP a DET polecat NOUN ; PUNCT while SCONJ her PRON body NOUN had VERB something PRON of ADP each DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 mane det 4 mane mane NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 5 like like ADP _ 7 horse case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 horse det 7 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 horns punct 9 horns horn NOUN Number=Plur 7 horse nmod 10 like like ADP _ 12 deer case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 deer det 12 deer deer NOUN Number=Sing 9 horns nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 face punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 face det 15 face face NOUN Number=Sing 9 horns conj 16 like like ADP _ 18 bear case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 bear det 18 bear bear NOUN Number=Sing 15 face nmod 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 eyes punct 20 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 9 horns conj 21 like like ADP _ 23 polecat case 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 polecat det 23 polecat polecat NOUN Number=Sing 20 eyes nmod 24 ; ; PUNCT _ 28 had punct 25 while while SCONJ _ 28 had mark 26 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 27 body nmod:poss 27 body body NOUN Number=Sing 28 had nsubj 28 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 had conj 29 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 28 had obj 30 of of ADP _ 31 each case 31 each each DET PronType=Tot 29 something nmod 32 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past She a mane like a horse horns like a deer and a face like a bear and eyes like a polecat vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mane=Patient 2 have past horse's body something vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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