polio Who acts: virus, people, full name, Grandma, Jonas · What happens: cause, damage, not move, be, name, save · To what, where: serious illness, nerves, paralysis, parts, poliomyelitis, Polio vaccines
«polio» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: polio in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A serious illness caused by a virus that can damage the nerves and cause paralysis, so people cannot move parts of their body. Its full name is poliomyelitis.
Sentence 1: A serious illness caused by a virus that can damage the nerves and cause paralysis, so people cannot move parts of their body.
The tree, 24 words det amod acl case det obl nsubj aux acl:relcl det obj cc conj obj punct advmod nsubj aux advmod conj obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root A DET serious ADJ illness NOUN caused VERB by ADP a DET virus NOUN that PRON can AUX damage VERB the DET nerves NOUN and CCONJ cause VERB paralysis NOUN , PUNCT so ADV people NOUN can AUX not PART move VERB parts NOUN of ADP their PRON body NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 illness det 2 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 3 illness amod 3 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 caused cause VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 illness acl 5 by by ADP _ 7 virus case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 virus det 7 virus virus NOUN Number=Sing 4 caused obl 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 damage nsubj 9 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 damage aux 10 damage damage VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 virus acl:relcl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 nerves det 12 nerves nerve NOUN Number=Plur 10 damage obj 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 cause cc 14 cause cause VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 damage conj 15 paralysis paralysis NOUN Number=Sing 14 cause obj 16 , , PUNCT _ 21 move punct 17 so so ADV _ 21 move advmod 18 people people NOUN Number=Plur 21 move nsubj 19 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 21 move aux 20 not not PART Polarity=Neg 21 move advmod 21 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 illness conj 22 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 21 move obj 23 of of ADP _ 25 body case 24 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 25 body nmod:poss 25 body body NOUN Number=Sing 22 parts nmod 26 . . PUNCT _ 3 illness punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause participle a serious illness not said here by a virus vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition 2 damage can a virus the nerves vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nerve=Patient 3 cause infinitive a virus not said here paralysis vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition paralysis=Patient 4 not move can people parts of people's body vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent part=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Its full name is poliomyelitis.
nmod:poss amod nsubj cop punct root Its PRON full ADJ name NOUN is AUX poliomyelitis NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 name nmod:poss 2 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 3 name amod 3 name name NOUN Number=Sing 5 poliomyelitis nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 poliomyelitis cop 5 poliomyelitis poliomyelitis NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 poliomyelitis punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present virus's full name poliomyelitis tree rules 2 name virus nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 Polio vaccines have saved millions of children from paralysis.
compound nsubj:pass aux obj case nmod case nmod punct root Polio NOUN vaccines NOUN have AUX saved VERB millions NOUN of ADP children NOUN from ADP paralysis NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Polio polio NOUN Number=Sing 2 vaccines compound 2 vaccines vaccine NOUN Number=Plur 4 saved nsubj:pass 3 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 saved aux 4 saved save VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 4 saved obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 children case 7 children child NOUN Number=Plur 5 millions nmod 8 from from ADP _ 9 paralysis case 9 paralysis paralysis NOUN Number=Sing 7 children nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 saved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 save present · perfect · passive Polio vaccines vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary million=Theme
Example 2 Grandma remembers getting the polio vaccine on a sugar lump.
nsubj xcomp det compound obj case det compound obl punct root Grandma NOUN remembers VERB getting VERB the DET polio NOUN vaccine NOUN on ADP a DET sugar NOUN lump NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 2 remembers nsubj 2 remembers remember VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 getting get VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 remembers xcomp 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 vaccine det 5 polio polio NOUN Number=Sing 6 vaccine compound 6 vaccine vaccine NOUN Number=Sing 3 getting obj 7 on on ADP _ 10 lump case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 lump det 9 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 10 lump compound 10 lump lump NOUN Number=Sing 3 getting obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 remembers punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remember present Grandma vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 get gerund Grandma not said here the polio vaccine a sugar lump vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent vaccine=Theme on lump=Source
Example 3 Polio is caused by a virus.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root Polio NOUN is AUX caused VERB by ADP a DET virus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Polio polio NOUN Number=Sing 3 caused nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 caused aux:pass 3 caused cause VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 by by ADP _ 6 virus case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 virus det 6 virus virus NOUN Number=Sing 3 caused obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 caused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause present · passive a virus Polio vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient
Example 4 Jonas Salk made one of the first polio vaccines.
nsubj flat obj case det amod compound nmod punct root Jonas PROPN Salk PROPN made VERB one NUM of ADP the DET first ADJ polio NOUN vaccines NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Jonas Jonas PROPN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 2 Salk Salk PROPN Number=Sing 1 Jonas flat 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 made obj 5 of of ADP _ 9 vaccines case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 vaccines det 7 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 9 vaccines amod 8 polio polio NOUN Number=Sing 9 vaccines compound 9 vaccines vaccine NOUN Number=Plur 4 one nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Jonas one of the first polio vaccines vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Product
Example 5 Today polio has almost disappeared from the world.
compound nsubj:pass aux advmod case det obl punct root Today NOUN polio NOUN has AUX almost ADV disappeared VERB from ADP the DET world NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Today today NOUN Number=Sing 2 polio compound 2 polio polio NOUN Number=Sing 5 disappeared nsubj:pass 3 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 disappeared aux 4 almost almost ADV _ 5 disappeared advmod 5 disappeared disappear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 from from ADP _ 8 world case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 world det 8 world world NOUN Number=Sing 5 disappeared obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 disappeared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 disappear present · perfect · passive Today polio the world almost property tree rules
Example 6 Some people who had polio needed leg braces to walk.
det nsubj acl:relcl obj amod compound conj mark acl punct root Some DET people NOUN who PRON had VERB polio NOUN needed VERB leg NOUN braces NOUN to PART walk VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 people det 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 people acl:relcl 5 polio polio NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obj 6 needed need VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 braces amod 7 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 8 braces compound 8 braces brace NOUN Number=Plur 5 polio conj 9 to to PART _ 10 walk mark 10 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 polio acl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 people punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past some people polio and needed leg braces vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent polio=Patient 2 need participle vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot 3 walk to-infinitive some people not said here polio and needed leg braces not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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