polish

Who acts: Note, He, shoes, Mum, you, ten minutes · What happens: rub, make, use, improve, polish, mean · To what, where: something, it, wax, things, story, Poland

«polish» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: polish in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

To rub something to make it smooth and shiny.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 rub	mark
2	rub	rub	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 rub	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 make	mark
5	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 something	acl
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 make	obj
7	smooth	smooth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 make	xcomp
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 shiny	cc
9	shiny	shiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 smooth	conj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 rub	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rub	to-infinitive		something					vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent something=Theme
2	make	to-infinitive		it				smooth property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

A cream, liquid or wax used to make things shiny: «shoe polish», «nail polish».

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cream	det
2	cream	cream	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 liquid	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 liquid	punct
4	liquid	liquid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 wax	cc
6	wax	wax	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 liquid	conj
7	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 wax	acl
8	to	to	PART	_	9 make	mark
9	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 used	advcl
10	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 make	obj
11	shiny	shiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 make	xcomp
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	15 polish	punct
13	«	«	PUNCT	_	15 polish	punct
14	shoe	shoe	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 polish	compound
15	polish	polish	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 liquid	conj
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 polish	punct
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 polish	punct
18	«	«	PUNCT	_	20 polish	punct
19	nail	nail	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 polish	compound
20	polish	polish	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 polish	appos
21	»	»	PUNCT	_	20 polish	punct
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 liquid	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	participle		wax not said here					vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	make	to-infinitive		things				shiny property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thing=Product

Meaning 3

Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

To improve something to make it better: «polish your story».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 improve	mark
2	improve	improve	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 improve	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 make	mark
5	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 improve	advcl
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 make	obj
7	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 make	xcomp
8	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 polish	punct
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 polish	punct
10	polish	polish	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 improve	conj
11	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 story	nmod:poss
12	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 polish	obj
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 polish	punct
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 improve	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	improve	to-infinitive	something		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent something=Patient
2	make	to-infinitive	it	good property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product
3	polish in a quote	infinitive	your story		vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent story=Destination

Meaning 4

Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

A smooth shine. Note: «Polish» with a capital P means from Poland.

Sentence 1: A smooth shine.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 shine	det
2	smooth	smooth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 shine	amod
3	shine	shine	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shine	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 2: Note: «Polish» with a capital P means from Poland.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Note	note	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 means	nsubj
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	4 Polish	punct
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 Polish	punct
4	Polish	polish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Note	appos
5	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 Polish	punct
6	with	with	ADP	_	9 P	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 P	det
8	capital	capital	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 P	compound
9	P	p	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 Polish	obl
10	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	from	from	ADP	_	12 Poland	case
12	Poland	Poland	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 means	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Note			Poland			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Meaning 5

To polish off something is to finish it quickly, such as eating all of a meal.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 polish	mark
2	polish	polish	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 finish	advcl
3	off	off	ADP	_	2 polish	compound:prt
4	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 polish	obj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 finish	cop
6	to	to	PART	_	7 finish	mark
7	finish	finish	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 finish	obj
9	quickly	quickly	ADV	_	7 finish	advmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 eating	punct
11	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ	13 eating	mark
12	as	as	ADP	_	11 such	fixed
13	eating	eat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 finish	advcl
14	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	13 eating	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 meal	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 meal	det
17	meal	meal	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 all	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 finish	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	polish off	to-infinitive	something		vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent something=Destination
2	is	present		finish, quickly property	tree rules
3	eat	gerund	all		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Patient

Example 1

He polished his shoes until they shone.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 polished	nsubj
2	polished	polish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 shoes	nmod:poss
4	shoes	shoe	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 polished	obj
5	until	until	SCONJ	_	7 shone	mark
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 shone	nsubj
7	shone	shine	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 polished	advcl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 polished	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	polish	past	He	his shoes					vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent shoe=Destination
2	shine	past	shoes = shoe						vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 2

Mum put on red nail polish.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 put	nsubj
2	put	put	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	6 polish	case
4	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 polish	amod
5	nail	nail	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 polish	compound
6	polish	polish	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 put	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	past	Mum			red nail polish			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on polish=Destination

Example 3

Polish the table with a soft cloth.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Polish	polish	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 table	det
3	table	table	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Polish	obj
4	with	with	ADP	_	7 cloth	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 cloth	det
6	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 cloth	amod
7	cloth	cloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Polish	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Polish	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	polish	imperative	you not said here	the table				with a soft cloth	vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent table=Destination with cloth=Theme

Example 4

Spend ten minutes polishing your story.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spend	spend	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 minutes	nummod
3	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Spend	obj
4	polishing	polish	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 minutes	acl
5	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 story	nmod:poss
6	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 polishing	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Spend	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spend	imperative	you not said here				minute		vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	polish	gerund	ten minutes not said here	your story					vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent story=Destination

Example 5

He polished off the whole pizza.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 polished	nsubj
2	polished	polish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	off	off	ADP	_	6 pizza	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 pizza	det
5	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 pizza	amod
6	pizza	pizza	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 polished	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 polished	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	polish off	past	He	the whole pizza					vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent pizza=Destination

Example 6

The old coin had a nice polish.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 coin	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 coin	amod
3	coin	coin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 had	nsubj
4	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 polish	det
6	nice	nice	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 polish	amod
7	polish	polish	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 had	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	the old coin	a nice polish					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent polish=Patient

Example 7

Keep nail polish remover away from little children.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	nail	nail	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Keep	obj
3	polish	polish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 remover	amod
4	remover	remover	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Keep	obj
5	away	away	ADV	_	1 Keep	advmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 children	case
7	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 children	amod
8	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 away	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Keep	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	imperative	you not said here	nail				away property	vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent nail=Theme remover=Attribute

Example 8

You must have seen old Kerick polishing off a drove.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 seen	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 seen	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 seen	aux
4	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 Kerick	amod
6	Kerick	Kerick	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 seen	obj
7	polishing	polish	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 seen	advcl
8	off	off	ADP	_	7 polishing	compound:prt
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 drove	det
10	drove	drive	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 polishing	ccomp
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 seen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	see	must · perfect	You	old Kerick	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer kerick=Stimulus
2	polish off	gerund	You not said here		tree rules
3	drive	past	You not said here		vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/polish/