poplar Who acts: poplar, Tall poplars, leaves, Poplars, We, aspen · What happens: grow, be, shake, line, rustle, make · To what, where: tall growing tree, soft wood, wind, wood, road, breeze
«poplar» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: poplar in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A poplar is a tall, fast-growing tree with soft wood and leaves that often shake in the wind.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod punct amod case amod nmod cc conj obj advmod acl:relcl case det obl punct root A DET poplar NOUN is AUX a DET tall ADJ , PUNCT fast ADJ - PUNCT growing VERB tree NOUN with ADP soft ADJ wood NOUN and CCONJ leaves NOUN that PRON often ADV shake VERB in ADP the DET wind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 poplar det 2 poplar poplar NOUN Number=Sing 10 tree nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 tree cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 tree det 5 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 10 tree amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 tall punct 7 fast fast ADJ Degree=Pos 9 growing amod 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 fast punct 9 growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 tree amod 10 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 with with ADP _ 13 wood case 12 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 13 wood amod 13 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 10 tree nmod 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 leaves cc 15 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 13 wood conj 16 that that PRON PronType=Rel 18 shake obj 17 often often ADV _ 18 shake advmod 18 shake shake VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 wood acl:relcl 19 in in ADP _ 21 wind case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 wind det 21 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 18 shake obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 10 tree punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow gerund vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present a poplar a tall growing tree with soft wood and leaves tree rules 3 shake present soft wood and leaves the wind often property vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent that=Theme in wind=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Poplar is the wood of this tree.
nsubj cop det case det nmod punct root Poplar NOUN is AUX the DET wood NOUN of ADP this DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Poplar poplar NOUN Number=Sing 4 wood nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 wood cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 wood det 4 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 tree case 6 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 tree det 7 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 4 wood nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 wood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Poplar the wood of this tree tree rules
Example 1 Tall poplars lined the road.
amod nsubj det obj punct root Tall ADJ poplars NOUN lined VERB the DET road NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 2 poplars amod 2 poplars poplar NOUN Number=Plur 3 lined nsubj 3 lined line VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 road det 5 road road NOUN Number=Sing 3 lined obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 lined punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 line past Tall poplars the road vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme road=Destination
Example 2 The poplar's leaves rustled in the breeze.
det nmod:poss case nsubj case det obl punct root The DET poplar NOUN 's PART leaves NOUN rustled VERB in ADP the DET breeze NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 poplar det 2 poplar poplar NOUN Number=Sing 4 leaves nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 poplar case 4 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 5 rustled nsubj 5 rustled rustle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 in in ADP _ 8 breeze case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 breeze det 8 breeze breeze NOUN Number=Sing 5 rustled obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 rustled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rustle past the poplar's leaves the breeze vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in breeze=Location
Example 3 Poplars grow fast near rivers.
nsubj advmod case obl punct root Poplars NOUN grow VERB fast ADV near ADP rivers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Poplars poplar NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow nsubj 2 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 2 grow advmod 4 near near ADP _ 5 rivers case 5 rivers river NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Poplars rivers fast property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near river=Location
Example 4 Matchsticks can be made from poplar wood.
nsubj:pass aux aux:pass case compound obl punct root Matchsticks NOUN can AUX be AUX made VERB from ADP poplar NOUN wood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Matchsticks matchstick NOUN Number=Plur 4 made nsubj:pass 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 made aux 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 made aux:pass 4 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 from from ADP _ 7 wood case 6 poplar poplar NOUN Number=Sing 7 wood compound 7 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 4 made obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make can · passive Matchsticks poplar wood vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from wood=Material
Example 5 We sat in the shade of the poplar.
nsubj case det obl case det nmod punct root We PRON sat VERB in ADP the DET shade NOUN of ADP the DET poplar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 sat nsubj 2 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 shade case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 shade det 5 shade shade NOUN Number=Sing 2 sat obl 6 of of ADP _ 8 poplar case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 poplar det 8 poplar poplar NOUN Number=Sing 5 shade nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past We the shade of the poplar vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in shade=Location 2 shade the poplar nom shade «state transitive»: of=patient
Example 6 The aspen is a kind of poplar.
det nsubj cop det case nmod punct root The DET aspen NOUN is AUX a DET kind NOUN of ADP poplar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 aspen det 2 aspen aspen NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 kind cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 kind det 5 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 poplar case 7 poplar poplar NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the aspen a kind of poplar tree rules
Example 7 Cottonwood poplars drop fluffy seeds.
compound nsubj amod obj punct root Cottonwood NOUN poplars NOUN drop VERB fluffy ADJ seeds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cottonwood cottonwood NOUN Number=Sing 2 poplars compound 2 poplars poplar NOUN Number=Plur 3 drop nsubj 3 drop drop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 fluffy fluffy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 seeds amod 5 seeds seed NOUN Number=Plur 3 drop obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 drop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drop present Cottonwood poplars fluffy seeds vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seed=Theme
Example 8 A row of poplars shelters the farm from wind.
det nsubj case nmod det obj case obl punct root A DET row NOUN of ADP poplars NOUN shelters VERB the DET farm NOUN from ADP wind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 row det 2 row row NOUN Number=Sing 5 shelters nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 poplars case 4 poplars poplar NOUN Number=Plur 2 row nmod 5 shelters shelter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 farm det 7 farm farm NOUN Number=Sing 5 shelters obj 8 from from ADP _ 9 wind case 9 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 5 shelters obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 shelters punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shelter present a row of poplars the farm wind vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent farm=Patient from wind=Beneficiary
Example 9 It looks as if the fairies were planting little shining baby poplar trees and watering them with liquid light."
The tree, 19 words nsubj mark mark det nsubj aux advcl obj advcl compound compound obj cc conj obj case amod obl punct punct root It PRON looks VERB as SCONJ if SCONJ the DET fairies NOUN were AUX planting VERB little ADJ shining VERB baby NOUN poplar NOUN trees NOUN and CCONJ watering VERB them PRON with ADP liquid ADJ light NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 looks nsubj 2 looks look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 as as SCONJ _ 8 planting mark 4 if if SCONJ _ 8 planting mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 fairies det 6 fairies fairy NOUN Number=Plur 8 planting nsubj 7 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 planting aux 8 planting plant VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 looks advcl 9 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 8 planting obj 10 shining shine VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 planting advcl 11 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 12 poplar compound 12 poplar poplar NOUN Number=Sing 13 trees compound 13 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 10 shining obj 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 watering cc 15 watering water VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 planting conj 16 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 watering obj 17 with with ADP _ 19 light case 18 liquid liquid ADJ Degree=Pos 19 light amod 19 light light NOUN Number=Sing 15 watering obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 2 looks punct 21 " " PUNCT _ 2 looks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look present It vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 2 plant past · progressive the fairies little vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent little=Patient 3 shine gerund the fairies not said here poplar trees vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tree=Theme 4 water gerund the fairies not said here trees = tree with liquid light vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent they=Destination with light=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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