portcullis Who acts: wooden bars, guards, portcullis, We, Arrows · What happens: slide down, close, lower, keep out, crash down, see · To what, where: grooves, castle gateway, portcullis, enemy, old portcullis, castle
«portcullis» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: portcullis in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A heavy grid of iron or wooden bars that slides down in grooves to close a castle gateway.
The tree, 18 words det amod case nmod cc amod conj nsubj acl:relcl advmod case obl mark advcl det compound obj punct root A DET heavy ADJ grid NOUN of ADP iron NOUN or CCONJ wooden ADJ bars NOUN that PRON slides VERB down ADV in ADP grooves NOUN to PART close VERB a DET castle NOUN gateway NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 grid det 2 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 grid amod 3 grid grid NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 of of ADP _ 5 iron case 5 iron iron NOUN Number=Sing 3 grid nmod 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 bars cc 7 wooden wooden ADJ Degree=Pos 8 bars amod 8 bars bar NOUN Number=Plur 5 iron conj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 slides nsubj 10 slides slide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 bars acl:relcl 11 down down ADV _ 10 slides advmod 12 in in ADP _ 13 grooves case 13 grooves groove NOUN Number=Plur 10 slides obl 14 to to PART _ 15 close mark 15 close close VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 slides advcl 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 gateway det 17 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 18 gateway compound 18 gateway gateway NOUN Number=Sing 15 close obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 grid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 slide down present wooden bars grooves down property vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in groove=Trajectory 2 close to-infinitive wooden bars not said here a castle gateway vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gateway=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 The guards lowered the portcullis to keep out the enemy.
det nsubj det obj mark advcl compound:prt det obj punct root The DET guards NOUN lowered VERB the DET portcullis NOUN to PART keep VERB out ADP the DET enemy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 guards det 2 guards guard NOUN Number=Plur 3 lowered nsubj 3 lowered lower VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 portcullis det 5 portcullis portcullis NOUN Number=Sing 3 lowered obj 6 to to PART _ 7 keep mark 7 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 lowered advcl 8 out out ADP _ 7 keep compound:prt 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 enemy det 10 enemy enemy NOUN Number=Sing 7 keep obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 lowered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lower past the guards the portcullis vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent portcullis=Theme 2 keep out to-infinitive the guards not said here the enemy vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Theme
Example 2 The portcullis crashed down just behind the knight.
det nsubj compound:prt advmod case det obl punct root The DET portcullis NOUN crashed VERB down ADP just ADV behind ADP the DET knight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 portcullis det 2 portcullis portcullis NOUN Number=Sing 3 crashed nsubj 3 crashed crash VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 down down ADP _ 3 crashed compound:prt 5 just just ADV _ 8 knight advmod 6 behind behind ADP _ 8 knight case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 knight det 8 knight knight NOUN Number=Sing 3 crashed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 crashed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crash down past the portcullis behind the knight vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind knight=Location
Example 3 We saw the old portcullis at the castle.
nsubj det amod obj case det obl punct root We PRON saw VERB the DET old ADJ portcullis NOUN at ADP the DET castle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 portcullis det 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 portcullis amod 5 portcullis portcullis NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 6 at at ADP _ 8 castle case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 castle det 8 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We the old portcullis the castle vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer portcullis=Stimulus
Example 4 The portcullis was raised with chains and a winch.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl cc det conj punct root The DET portcullis NOUN was AUX raised VERB with ADP chains NOUN and CCONJ a DET winch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 portcullis det 2 portcullis portcullis NOUN Number=Sing 4 raised nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 raised aux:pass 4 raised raise VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 with with ADP _ 6 chains case 6 chains chain NOUN Number=Plur 4 raised obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 winch cc 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 winch det 9 winch winch NOUN Number=Sing 6 chains conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 raised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 raise past · passive the portcullis with chains and a winch vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with chain=Instrument
Example 5 A portcullis appears on the badge of Parliament.
det nsubj case det obl case nmod punct root A DET portcullis NOUN appears VERB on ADP the DET badge NOUN of ADP Parliament PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 portcullis det 2 portcullis portcullis NOUN Number=Sing 3 appears nsubj 3 appears appear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 badge case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 badge det 6 badge badge NOUN Number=Sing 3 appears obl 7 of of ADP _ 8 Parliament case 8 Parliament Parliament PROPN Number=Sing 6 badge nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 appears punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 appear present a portcullis the badge of Parliament vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on badge=Location 2 badge Parliament nom badge «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 6 Arrows flew through the bars of the portcullis.
nsubj case det obl case det nmod punct root Arrows NOUN flew VERB through ADP the DET bars NOUN of ADP the DET portcullis NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Arrows arrow NOUN Number=Plur 2 flew nsubj 2 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 through through ADP _ 5 bars case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 bars det 5 bars bar NOUN Number=Plur 2 flew obl 6 of of ADP _ 8 portcullis case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 portcullis det 8 portcullis portcullis NOUN Number=Sing 5 bars nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 flew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly past Arrows the bars of the portcullis vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through bar=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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