portend Who acts: something, Dark clouds, howling wind, comet, Falling sales, forest · What happens: be, go, happen, portend, mean, point · To what, where: sign, warning, storm, something, war, old stories · Speech: someone speaks here
«portend» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: portend in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To be a sign or warning that something important, often bad, is going to happen: «Dark clouds portend a storm.».
The tree, 20 words mark cop det cc conj mark nsubj amod punct advmod conj punct aux acl mark xcomp punct punct amod nsubj parataxis det obj punct punct punct root To PART be AUX a DET sign NOUN or CCONJ warning NOUN that SCONJ something PRON important ADJ , PUNCT often ADV bad ADJ , PUNCT is AUX going VERB to PART happen VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT Dark ADJ clouds NOUN portend VERB a DET storm NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 4 sign mark 2 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 sign cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 sign det 4 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 warning cc 6 warning warning NOUN Number=Sing 4 sign conj 7 that that SCONJ _ 15 going mark 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 15 going nsubj 9 important important ADJ Degree=Pos 8 something amod 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 bad punct 11 often often ADV _ 12 bad advmod 12 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 9 important conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 8 something punct 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 going aux 15 going go VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 warning acl 16 to to PART _ 17 happen mark 17 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 going xcomp 18 : : PUNCT _ 22 portend punct 19 « « PUNCT _ 22 portend punct 20 Dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 21 clouds amod 21 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 22 portend nsubj 22 portend portend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 sign parataxis 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 storm det 24 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 22 portend obj 25 . . PUNCT _ 22 portend punct 26 » » PUNCT _ 22 portend punct 27 . . PUNCT _ 4 sign punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a to-infinitive a sign or warning tree rules 2 go present · progressive something warning not said here tree rules 3 happen to-infinitive something not said here vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 portend in a quote present Dark clouds a storm tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To mean or point to something in the future.
mark cc conj case obl case det nmod punct root To PART mean VERB or CCONJ point VERB to ADP something PRON in ADP the DET future NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 mean mark 2 mean mean VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 point cc 4 point point VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 mean conj 5 to to ADP _ 6 something case 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 point obl 7 in in ADP _ 9 future case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 future det 9 future future NOUN Number=Sing 6 something nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean to-infinitive vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 point infinitive something vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to something=Recipient
Example 1 The howling wind seemed to portend a terrible night.
det compound nsubj mark xcomp det amod obl:unmarked punct root The DET howling NOUN wind NOUN seemed VERB to PART portend VERB a DET terrible ADJ night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 wind det 2 howling howling NOUN Number=Sing 3 wind compound 3 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 4 seemed nsubj 4 seemed seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 portend mark 6 portend portend VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 seemed xcomp 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 night det 8 terrible terrible ADJ Degree=Pos 9 night amod 9 night night NOUN Number=Sing 6 portend obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 seemed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 seem past the howling wind vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute 2 portend to-infinitive the howling wind not said here night tree rules
Example 2 In old stories a comet in the sky portended war.
case amod obl det nsubj case det nmod obj punct root In ADP old ADJ stories NOUN a DET comet NOUN in ADP the DET sky NOUN portended VERB war NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 stories case 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 stories amod 3 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 9 portended obl 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 comet det 5 comet comet NOUN Number=Sing 9 portended nsubj 6 in in ADP _ 8 sky case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 sky det 8 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 5 comet nmod 9 portended portend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 war war NOUN Number=Sing 9 portended obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 9 portended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 portend past a comet in the sky war old stories tree rules
Example 3 Falling sales may portend hard times for the shop.
amod nsubj aux amod obl:unmarked case det obl punct root Falling VERB sales NOUN may AUX portend VERB hard ADJ times NOUN for ADP the DET shop NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Falling fall VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 sales amod 2 sales sale NOUN Number=Plur 4 portend nsubj 3 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 portend aux 4 portend portend VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 times amod 6 times time NOUN Number=Plur 4 portend obl:unmarked 7 for for ADP _ 9 shop case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 shop det 9 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 4 portend obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 portend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall gerund vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 portend may Falling sales time for the shop tree rules
Example 4 The sudden quiet in the forest portended danger.
det amod case det obl acl obj punct root The DET sudden ADJ quiet ADJ in ADP the DET forest NOUN portended VERB danger NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 quiet det 2 sudden sudden ADJ Degree=Pos 3 quiet amod 3 quiet quiet ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 forest case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 forest det 6 forest forest NOUN Number=Sing 3 quiet obl 7 portended portend VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 forest acl 8 danger danger NOUN Number=Sing 7 portended obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 quiet punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 portend participle the forest not said here danger tree rules
Example 5 People once believed that a red sky portended bad weather.
nsubj advmod mark det amod nsubj ccomp amod obj punct root People NOUN once ADV believed VERB that SCONJ a DET red ADJ sky NOUN portended VERB bad ADJ weather NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 3 believed nsubj 2 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 3 believed advmod 3 believed believe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 8 portended mark 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 sky det 6 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sky amod 7 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 8 portended nsubj 8 portended portend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 believed ccomp 9 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 10 weather amod 10 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 8 portended obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 believed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 believe past People once property vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 portend past a red sky bad weather tree rules
Example 6 Nobody knew what the strange letter portended.
nsubj ccomp det amod nsubj acl punct root Nobody PRON knew VERB what PRON the DET strange ADJ letter NOUN portended VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 2 knew nsubj 2 knew know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 what what PRON PronType=Int 2 knew ccomp 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 letter det 5 strange strange ADJ Degree=Pos 6 letter amod 6 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 3 what nsubj 7 portended portend VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 letter acl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 knew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know past Nobody vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 portend participle the strange letter not said here tree rules
Example 7 I ordered you to be put to death because I thought your dream portended the loss of my crown.
The tree, 19 words nsubj obj mark aux:pass xcomp case obl mark nsubj advcl nmod:poss nsubj ccomp det obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root I PRON ordered VERB you PRON to PART be AUX put VERB to ADP death NOUN because SCONJ I PRON thought VERB your PRON dream NOUN portended VERB the DET loss NOUN of ADP my PRON crown NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 ordered nsubj 2 ordered order VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 ordered obj 4 to to PART _ 6 put mark 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 put aux:pass 6 put put VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 ordered xcomp 7 to to ADP _ 8 death case 8 death death NOUN Number=Sing 6 put obl 9 because because SCONJ _ 11 thought mark 10 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 11 thought nsubj 11 thought think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 put advcl 12 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 dream nmod:poss 13 dream dream NOUN Number=Sing 14 portended nsubj 14 portended portend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 thought ccomp 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 loss det 16 loss loss NOUN Number=Sing 14 portended obj 17 of of ADP _ 19 crown case 18 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 crown nmod:poss 19 crown crown NOUN Number=Sing 16 loss nmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 2 ordered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 order past I you vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic 2 put not said to happen to-infinitive · passive I not said here to death vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP» 3 think speech: other past I vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 4 portend past your dream the loss of my crown tree rules 5 dream your nom dream «cognition transitive»: poss=agent 6 crown my nom crown «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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