powder

Who acts: skiers, you, Mum, Washing powder, Sugar powder, Fresh powder · What happens: make, crush, use, put, word, grind · To what, where: dry substance, special powder, powder, something, chalk, fine powder

«powder» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: powder in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A dry substance made of very tiny pieces, like flour, dust or crushed chalk.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 substance	det
2	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 substance	amod
3	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 substance	acl
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 pieces	case
6	very	very	ADV	_	7 tiny	advmod
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 pieces	amod
8	pieces	piece	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 flour	punct
10	like	like	ADP	_	11 flour	case
11	flour	flour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 substance	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 dust	punct
13	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 substance	conj
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 chalk	cc
15	crushed	crush	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 chalk	amod
16	chalk	chalk	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 substance	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 substance	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	participle		a dry substance and flour and dust or crushed chalk not said here				of tiny pieces	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
2	crush	participle							vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A special powder used for a job: «washing powder», «baby powder», «talcum powder».

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 powder	det
2	special	special	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 powder	amod
3	powder	powder	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 powder	acl
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 job	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 job	det
7	job	job	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 used	obl
8	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 powder	punct
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 powder	punct
10	washing	washing	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 powder	compound
11	powder	powder	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 job	appos
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 powder	punct
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 powder	punct
14	«	«	PUNCT	_	16 powder	punct
15	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 powder	compound
16	powder	powder	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 powder	appos
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 powder	punct
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 powder	punct
19	«	«	PUNCT	_	21 powder	punct
20	talcum	talcum	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 powder	compound
21	powder	powder	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 powder	appos
22	»	»	PUNCT	_	21 powder	punct
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 powder	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	participle		a special powder not said here				for a job	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Meaning 3

Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

To put powder on something.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 put	mark
2	put	put	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	powder	powder	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 put	obj
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 something	case
5	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 put	obl
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	to-infinitive		powder		something			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent powder=Theme on something=Destination

Meaning 4

Fresh, light, dry snow (skiers' word).

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fresh	fresh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 snow	amod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Fresh	punct
3	light	light	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 snow	amod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 light	punct
5	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 snow	amod
6	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	(	(	PUNCT	_	10 word	punct
8	skiers	skier	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 word	nmod:poss
9	'	's	PART	_	8 skiers	case
10	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 snow	appos
11	)	)	PUNCT	_	10 word	punct
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 snow	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	word		skiers						nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Meaning 5

Gunpowder (old use).

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gunpowder	gunpowder	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	(	(	PUNCT	_	4 use	punct
3	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 use	amod
4	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Gunpowder	appos
5	)	)	PUNCT	_	4 use	punct
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Gunpowder	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 1

Grind the chalk into a fine powder.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grind	grind	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 chalk	det
3	chalk	chalk	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Grind	obj
4	into	into	ADP	_	7 powder	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 powder	det
6	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 powder	amod
7	powder	powder	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Grind	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Grind	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grind	imperative	you not said here	the chalk		a fine powder			vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent chalk=Material into powder=Product

Example 2

Mum added baking powder to the cake mix.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 added	nsubj
2	added	add	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	baking	baking	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 powder	compound
4	powder	powder	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 added	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	8 mix	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 mix	det
7	cake	cake	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 mix	compound
8	mix	mix	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 added	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 added	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	past	Mum	baking powder				to the cake mix	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent powder=Patient to mix=Co-Patient

Example 3

Washing powder is poisonous; don't touch it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Washing	washing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 powder	compound
2	powder	powder	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 poisonous	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 poisonous	cop
4	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	8 touch	punct
6	do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	8 touch	aux
7	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 touch	advmod
8	touch	touch	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	4 poisonous	parataxis
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 touch	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 poisonous	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Washing powder					poisonous property	tree rules
2	not touch	infinitive · do-support		powder					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme

Example 4

Sugar powder dissolves faster than sugar cubes.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 powder	compound
2	powder	powder	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dissolves	nsubj
3	dissolves	dissolve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 dissolves	advmod
5	than	than	ADP	_	7 cubes	case
6	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cubes	compound
7	cubes	cube	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 faster	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 dissolves	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dissolve	present	Sugar powder					fast property	vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Example 5

Fresh powder is great for skiing.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fresh	fresh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 powder	amod
2	powder	powder	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 great	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 great	cop
4	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 skiing	case
6	skiing	skiing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 great	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 great	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Fresh powder					for skiing; great property	tree rules

Example 6

The baby smelled of baby powder.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 baby	det
2	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 smelled	nsubj
3	smelled	smell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 powder	case
5	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 powder	compound
6	powder	powder	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 smelled	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 smelled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	smell	past	the baby					of baby powder	vn smell_emission-43.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Location of powder=Theme

Example 7

Never taste a powder you don't know.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	2 taste	advmod
2	taste	taste	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 powder	det
4	powder	powder	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 taste	obj
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 know	nsubj
6	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 know	aux
7	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 know	advmod
8	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 powder	acl:relcl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 taste	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not taste	imperative	you not said here	a powder					vn seem-109 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Theme powder=Attribute
2	not know	present · do-support	you	a powder not said here					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer powder=Stimulus

Example 8

Abandoning the fight he rushed into the powder magazine and fired it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Abandoning	abandon	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 fight	det
3	fight	fight	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Abandoning	obj
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 rushed	nsubj
5	rushed	rush	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 fight	acl:relcl
6	into	into	ADP	_	9 magazine	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 magazine	det
8	powder	powder	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 magazine	compound
9	magazine	magazine	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 rushed	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 fired	cc
11	fired	fire	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 rushed	conj
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 fired	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Abandoning	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	abandon	gerund		the fight		vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Theme fight=Source
2	rush	past	he	the fight not said here	the powder magazine	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent fight=Theme into magazine=Trajectory
3	fire	past	he not said here	fight		vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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