preacher Who acts: person, others, preacher, village preacher, big sister, you · What happens: give, keep, tell, behave, stop, speak · To what, where: religious talks, others, preacher, square, funny stories, church · Speech: someone speaks here
«preacher» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: preacher in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A person who gives religious talks (sermons), especially in a church.
The tree, 11 words det nsubj nsubj amod obj punct appos punct punct advmod case det parataxis punct root A DET person NOUN who PRON gives VERB religious ADJ talks NOUN ( PUNCT sermons NOUN ) PUNCT , PUNCT especially ADV in ADP a DET church NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing 4 gives nsubj 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 gives nsubj 4 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 religious religious ADJ Degree=Pos 6 talks amod 6 talks talk NOUN Number=Plur 4 gives obj 7 ( ( PUNCT _ 8 sermons punct 8 sermons sermon NOUN Number=Plur 6 talks appos 9 ) ) PUNCT _ 8 sermons punct 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 church punct 11 especially especially ADV _ 14 church advmod 12 in in ADP _ 14 church case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 church det 14 church church NOUN Number=Sing 4 gives parataxis 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 gives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give present a person religious talks vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent talk=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal, negative — kept apart, not parsed.
A person who keeps telling others how they should behave: «Stop being such a preacher!».
The tree, 15 words det nsubj acl:relcl xcomp obj advmod nsubj aux advcl punct punct parataxis cop det:predet det obj punct punct punct root A DET person NOUN who PRON keeps VERB telling VERB others NOUN how ADV they PRON should AUX behave VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT Stop VERB being AUX such DET a DET preacher NOUN ! PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 keeps nsubj 4 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 person acl:relcl 5 telling tell VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 keeps xcomp 6 others other NOUN Number=Plur 5 telling obj 7 how how ADV PronType=Int 10 behave advmod 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 behave nsubj 9 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 behave aux 10 behave behave VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 telling advcl 11 : : PUNCT _ 13 Stop punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 13 Stop punct 13 Stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 person parataxis 14 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 15 such cop 15 such such DET PronType=Ind 17 preacher det:predet 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 preacher det 17 preacher preacher NOUN Number=Sing 13 Stop obj 18 ! ! PUNCT _ 13 Stop punct 19 » » PUNCT _ 13 Stop punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 2 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep present a person tree rules 2 tell speech: assert gerund a person not said here others vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent other=Recipient 3 behave should others = other vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent 4 stop in a quote infinitive such preacher vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality preacher=Eventuality
Example 1 The preacher spoke to a crowd in the square.
det nsubj case det obl case det obl punct root The DET preacher NOUN spoke VERB to ADP a DET crowd NOUN in ADP the DET square NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 preacher det 2 preacher preacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 spoke nsubj 3 spoke speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to ADP _ 6 crowd case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 crowd det 6 crowd crowd NOUN Number=Sing 3 spoke obl 7 in in ADP _ 9 square case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 square det 9 square square NOUN Number=Sing 3 spoke obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 spoke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other past the preacher the square to a crowd vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to crowd=Co-Agent
Example 2 Our village preacher tells funny stories.
nmod:poss compound nsubj amod obj punct root Our PRON village NOUN preacher NOUN tells VERB funny ADJ stories NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 preacher nmod:poss 2 village village NOUN Number=Sing 3 preacher compound 3 preacher preacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 tells nsubj 4 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 funny funny ADJ Degree=Pos 6 stories amod 6 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 4 tells obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 tells punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert present Our village preacher funny stories vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient
Example 3 The old preacher rode from town to town.
det amod compound case nmod case nmod punct root The DET old ADJ preacher NOUN rode NOUN from ADP town NOUN to ADP town NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 rode det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 rode amod 3 preacher preacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 rode compound 4 rode road NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 from from ADP _ 6 town case 6 town town NOUN Number=Sing 4 rode nmod 7 to to ADP _ 8 town case 8 town town NOUN Number=Sing 4 rode nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 rode punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 4 My big sister is such a preacher about healthy food!
nmod:poss amod nsubj cop det:predet det case amod nmod punct root My PRON big ADJ sister NOUN is AUX such DET a DET preacher NOUN about ADP healthy ADJ food NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 sister nmod:poss 2 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 3 sister amod 3 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 7 preacher nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 preacher cop 5 such such DET PronType=Ind 7 preacher det:predet 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 preacher det 7 preacher preacher NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 about about ADP _ 10 food case 9 healthy healthy ADJ Degree=Pos 10 food amod 10 food food NOUN Number=Sing 7 preacher nmod 11 ! ! PUNCT _ 7 preacher punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present My big sister such preacher about healthy food tree rules
Example 5 "Practise what you preach," said Mum.
punct ccomp obj nsubj acl:relcl punct punct nsubj punct root " PUNCT Practise VERB what PRON you PRON preach VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB Mum PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Practise punct 2 Practise practise VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 said ccomp 3 what what PRON PronType=Int 2 Practise obj 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 preach nsubj 5 preach preach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 what acl:relcl 6 , , PUNCT _ 2 Practise punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 2 Practise punct 8 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 Mum Mum PROPN Number=Sing 8 said nsubj 10 . . PUNCT _ 8 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 practise in a quote infinitive tree rules 2 preach speech: other in a quote present you vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 say speech: assert past Mum vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Example 6 The preacher's voice filled the church.
det nmod:poss case nsubj det obj punct root The DET preacher NOUN 's PART voice NOUN filled VERB the DET church NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 preacher det 2 preacher preacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 voice nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 preacher case 4 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 5 filled nsubj 5 filled fill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 church det 7 church church NOUN Number=Sing 5 filled obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 filled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fill past the preacher's voice the church vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent church=Patient
Example 7 Many preachers spoke out against slavery.
amod nsubj compound:prt case obl punct root Many ADJ preachers NOUN spoke VERB out ADP against ADP slavery NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 preachers amod 2 preachers preacher NOUN Number=Plur 3 spoke nsubj 3 spoke speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADP _ 3 spoke compound:prt 5 against against ADP _ 6 slavery case 6 slavery slavery NOUN Number=Sing 3 spoke obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 spoke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak out speech: other past Many preachers against slavery vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 It was dreadful to hear all that, for the preacher spoke from his heart, and all the people in the church were terrified.
The tree, 23 words nsubj cop mark xcomp det:predet obj punct mark det nsubj parataxis case nmod:poss obl punct cc det:predet det nsubj case det nmod cop conj punct root It PRON was AUX dreadful ADJ to PART hear VERB all DET that PRON , PUNCT for SCONJ the DET preacher NOUN spoke VERB from ADP his PRON heart NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ all DET the DET people NOUN in ADP the DET church NOUN were AUX terrified ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 dreadful nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 dreadful cop 3 dreadful dreadful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 hear mark 5 hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 dreadful xcomp 6 all all DET PronType=Tot 7 that det:predet 7 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 hear obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 spoke punct 9 for for SCONJ _ 12 spoke mark 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 preacher det 11 preacher preacher NOUN Number=Sing 12 spoke nsubj 12 spoke speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 dreadful parataxis 13 from from ADP _ 15 heart case 14 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 heart nmod:poss 15 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 12 spoke obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 25 terrified punct 17 and and CCONJ _ 25 terrified cc 18 all all DET PronType=Tot 20 people det:predet 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 people det 20 people people NOUN Number=Plur 25 terrified nsubj 21 in in ADP _ 23 church case 22 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 23 church det 23 church church NOUN Number=Sing 20 people nmod 24 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 25 terrified cop 25 terrified terrified ADJ Degree=Pos 3 dreadful conj 26 . . PUNCT _ 3 dreadful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past It dreadful property tree rules 2 hear to-infinitive that vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus 3 speak speech: other past the preacher preacher's heart vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 is past all people in the church terrified property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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