precession

Who acts: slow turning, axis, spinning top, top, Polaris, Precession · What happens: spin, trace, turn, take, show, wobble · To what, where: circle, precession, North Star, axis, stars, pole

«precession» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: precession in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

The slow turning of the axis of a spinning object, such as a spinning top or the Earth, so that the axis traces a circle.

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 turning	det
2	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 turning	amod
3	turning	turning	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 traces	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 axis	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 axis	det
6	axis	axis	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turning	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 object	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 object	det
9	spinning	spin	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 object	amod
10	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 axis	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 top	punct
12	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	16 top	case
13	as	as	ADP	_	12 such	fixed
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 top	det
15	spinning	spin	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 top	amod
16	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 object	appos
17	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 Earth	cc
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 Earth	det
19	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 top	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 traces	punct
21	so	so	ADV	_	25 traces	advmod
22	that	that	SCONJ	_	25 traces	mark
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 axis	det
24	axis	axis	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 traces	nsubj
25	traces	trace	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 circle	det
27	circle	circle	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 traces	obj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	25 traces	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	spin	gerund			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	spin	gerund			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
3	trace	present	the slow turning of the axis of a spinning object	a circle	vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent circle=Theme
4	turn		the axis of a spinning object		nom turning «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

The slow change in the direction of Earth's axis, taking about 26,000 years for one circle.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 change	det
2	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 change	amod
3	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 direction	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 direction	det
6	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 change	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 axis	case
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 axis	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 Earth	case
10	axis	axis	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 direction	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 taking	punct
12	taking	take	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 change	conj
13	about	about	ADV	_	14 26,000	advmod
14	26,000	26,000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 years	nummod
15	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 taking	obj
16	for	for	ADP	_	18 circle	case
17	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 circle	nummod
18	circle	circle	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 taking	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 change	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	gerund					year	for one circle	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for circle=Beneficiary

Example 1

A spinning top shows precession when it wobbles.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 top	det
2	spinning	spin	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 top	amod
3	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shows	nsubj
4	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	precession	precession	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shows	obj
6	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 wobbles	advmod
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 wobbles	nsubj
8	wobbles	wobble	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 shows	advcl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	spin	gerund			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	show	present	a spinning top	precession	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent precession=Recipient
3	wobble	present	top		vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 2

Because of precession, Polaris will not always be the North Star.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	3 precession	case
2	of	of	ADP	_	1 Because	fixed
3	precession	precession	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 Star	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 precession	punct
5	Polaris	Polaris	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Star	nsubj
6	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 Star	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 Star	advmod
8	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	12 Star	advmod
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 Star	cop
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Star	det
11	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Star	compound
12	Star	Star	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 Star	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is a	future	Polaris	the North Star				because precession; always property	tree rules

Example 3

Precession of the Earth's axis takes about 26,000 years.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Precession	precession	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 takes	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	6 axis	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Earth	det
4	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 axis	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 Earth	case
6	axis	axis	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Precession	nmod
7	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	about	about	ADV	_	9 26,000	advmod
9	26,000	26,000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 years	nummod
10	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 takes	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 takes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	present	Precession of the Earth's axis				year		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	precede			the Earth's axis					nom precession «state transitive»: of=patient

Example 4

The gyroscope's precession was slow.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 gyroscope	det
2	gyroscope	gyroscope	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 precession	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 gyroscope	case
4	precession	precession	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 slow	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 slow	cop
6	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 slow	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the gyroscope's precession					slow property	tree rules
2	precede		the gyroscope						nom precession «state transitive»: poss=agent

Example 5

Scientists measure precession with telescopes.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 measure	nsubj
2	measure	measure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	precession	precession	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 measure	obj
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 telescopes	case
5	telescopes	telescope	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 measure	obl
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 measure	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	measure	present	Scientists	precession				with telescopes	vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme precession=Value

Example 6

Precession changes which stars we see at the pole.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Precession	precession	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 changes	nsubj
2	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	4 stars	det
4	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 changes	obj
5	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 see	nsubj
6	see	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 stars	acl:relcl
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 pole	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 pole	det
9	pole	pole	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 see	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 changes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	Precession	which stars					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent star=Patient
2	see	present	we	which stars not said here		the pole			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer star=Stimulus

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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