precursor Who acts: thing, abacus, sign, penny farthing, Telegrams, dinosaurs · What happens: come, lead, help, develop, be, make · To what, where: later thing, thing, precursor, something, substance, precursors
«precursor» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: precursor in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Something that came before a later thing and led to it or helped it develop: «The abacus was a precursor of the calculator.».
The tree, 23 words nsubj acl:relcl case det amod obl cc conj case obl cc conj obj xcomp punct punct det nsubj cop det appos case det nmod punct punct punct root Something PRON that PRON came VERB before ADP a DET later ADJ thing NOUN and CCONJ led VERB to ADP it PRON or CCONJ helped VERB it PRON develop VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET abacus NOUN was AUX a DET precursor NOUN of ADP the DET calculator NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 2 that that PRON PronType=Rel 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Something acl:relcl 4 before before ADP _ 7 thing case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 thing det 6 later late ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 thing amod 7 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 3 came obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 led cc 9 led lead VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 came conj 10 to to ADP _ 11 it case 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 led obl 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 helped cc 13 helped help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 came conj 14 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 helped obj 15 develop develop VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 helped xcomp 16 : : PUNCT _ 22 precursor punct 17 « « PUNCT _ 22 precursor punct 18 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 abacus det 19 abacus abacus NOUN Number=Sing 22 precursor nsubj 20 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 22 precursor cop 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 precursor det 22 precursor precursor NOUN Number=Sing 1 Something appos 23 of of ADP _ 25 calculator case 24 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 25 calculator det 25 calculator calculator NOUN Number=Sing 22 precursor nmod 26 . . PUNCT _ 22 precursor punct 27 » » PUNCT _ 22 precursor punct 28 . . PUNCT _ 1 Something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past a later thing vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before thing=Location 2 lead past thing vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to it=Patient 3 help past thing vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme 4 develop infinitive thing not said here vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 is a in a quote past the abacus a precursor of the calculator tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A sign or event that comes before something else: «a precursor to a storm».
The tree, 14 words det cc conj nsubj acl:relcl case obl advmod punct punct det appos case det nmod punct punct root A DET sign NOUN or CCONJ event NOUN that PRON comes VERB before ADP something PRON else ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET precursor NOUN to ADP a DET storm NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sign det 2 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 event cc 4 event event NOUN Number=Sing 2 sign conj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 comes nsubj 6 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 sign acl:relcl 7 before before ADP _ 8 something case 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 comes obl 9 else else ADV _ 8 something advmod 10 : : PUNCT _ 13 precursor punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 13 precursor punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 precursor det 13 precursor precursor NOUN Number=Sing 8 something appos 14 to to ADP _ 16 storm case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 storm det 16 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 13 precursor nmod 17 » » PUNCT _ 13 precursor punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 sign punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present a sign or event something vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before something=Location
Meaning 3 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
A substance from which another substance is made in a chemical reaction or in the body.
The tree, 16 words det case obl det nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl case det amod obl cc case det conj punct root A DET substance NOUN from ADP which PRON another DET substance NOUN is AUX made VERB in ADP a DET chemical ADJ reaction NOUN or CCONJ in ADP the DET body NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 substance det 2 substance substance NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 from from ADP _ 4 which case 4 which which PRON PronType=Rel 8 made obl 5 another another DET PronType=Ind 6 substance det 6 substance substance NOUN Number=Sing 8 made nsubj:pass 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 made aux:pass 8 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 substance acl:relcl 9 in in ADP _ 12 reaction case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 reaction det 11 chemical chemical ADJ Degree=Pos 12 reaction amod 12 reaction reaction NOUN Number=Sing 8 made obl 13 or or CCONJ _ 16 body cc 14 in in ADP _ 16 body case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 body det 16 body body NOUN Number=Sing 12 reaction conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 substance punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · passive another substance a substance in a chemical reaction or the body vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from which=Material
Example 1 The penny-farthing was a precursor of the modern bicycle.
det compound punct nsubj cop det case det amod nmod punct root The DET penny NOUN - PUNCT farthing NOUN was AUX a DET precursor NOUN of ADP the DET modern ADJ bicycle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 farthing det 2 penny penny NOUN Number=Sing 4 farthing compound 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 penny punct 4 farthing farthing NOUN Number=Sing 7 precursor nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 precursor cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 precursor det 7 precursor precursor NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 11 bicycle case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 bicycle det 10 modern modern ADJ Degree=Pos 11 bicycle amod 11 bicycle bicycle NOUN Number=Sing 7 precursor nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 precursor punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the penny farthing a precursor of the modern bicycle tree rules
Example 2 Telegrams were a precursor to text messages.
nsubj cop det case compound nmod punct root Telegrams NOUN were AUX a DET precursor NOUN to ADP text NOUN messages NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Telegrams telegram NOUN Number=Plur 4 precursor nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 precursor cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 precursor det 4 precursor precursor NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 to to ADP _ 7 messages case 6 text text NOUN Number=Sing 7 messages compound 7 messages message NOUN Number=Plur 4 precursor nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 precursor punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Telegrams a precursor to text messages tree rules
Example 3 Some dinosaurs were precursors of birds.
det nsubj cop case nmod punct root Some DET dinosaurs NOUN were AUX precursors NOUN of ADP birds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 dinosaurs det 2 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN Number=Plur 4 precursors nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 precursors cop 4 precursors precursor NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 birds case 6 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 4 precursors nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 precursors punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past some dinosaurs precursors of birds tree rules
Example 4 Dark clouds were the precursor to a big storm.
amod nsubj cop det case det amod nmod punct root Dark ADJ clouds NOUN were AUX the DET precursor NOUN to ADP a DET big ADJ storm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 2 clouds amod 2 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 5 precursor nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 precursor cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 precursor det 5 precursor precursor NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 to to ADP _ 9 storm case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 storm det 8 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 9 storm amod 9 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 5 precursor nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 precursor punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Dark clouds the precursor to a big storm tree rules
Example 5 The Greek Olympics were a precursor of today's Games.
det amod nsubj cop det case obl:unmarked case nmod punct root The DET Greek ADJ Olympics PROPN were AUX a DET precursor NOUN of ADP today NOUN 's PART Games PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Olympics det 2 Greek Greek ADJ Degree=Pos 3 Olympics amod 3 Olympics Olympic PROPN Number=Plur 6 precursor nsubj 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 precursor cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 precursor det 6 precursor precursor NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 10 Games case 8 today today NOUN Number=Sing 10 Games obl:unmarked 9 's 's PART _ 8 today case 10 Games Game PROPN Number=Plur 6 precursor nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 precursor punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the Greek Olympics a precursor of Games tree rules
Example 6 In plants, some chemicals are precursors of colours in leaves.
case obl punct det nsubj cop case nmod case nmod punct root In ADP plants NOUN , PUNCT some DET chemicals NOUN are AUX precursors NOUN of ADP colours NOUN in ADP leaves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 plants case 2 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 7 precursors obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 plants punct 4 some some DET PronType=Ind 5 chemicals det 5 chemicals chemical NOUN Number=Plur 7 precursors nsubj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 precursors cop 7 precursors precursor NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 of of ADP _ 9 colours case 9 colours colour NOUN Number=Plur 7 precursors nmod 10 in in ADP _ 11 leaves case 11 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 9 colours nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 precursors punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present some chemicals precursors plants of colours in leaves tree rules
Example 7 The first computer games were simple precursors of the games we play now.
det amod compound nsubj cop amod case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl advmod punct root The DET first ADJ computer NOUN games NOUN were AUX simple ADJ precursors NOUN of ADP the DET games NOUN we PRON play VERB now ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 games det 2 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 4 games amod 3 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 4 games compound 4 games game NOUN Number=Plur 7 precursors nsubj 5 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 precursors cop 6 simple simple ADJ Degree=Pos 7 precursors amod 7 precursors precursor NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 of of ADP _ 10 games case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 games det 10 games game NOUN Number=Plur 7 precursors nmod 11 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 play nsubj 12 play play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 games acl:relcl 13 now now ADV PronType=Dem 12 play advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 precursors punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the first computer games simple precursors of the games tree rules 2 play present we the games not said here now vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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