predate Who acts: Dinosaurs, document, real day, Stonehenge, oak tree, Fossils · What happens: exist, happen, predate, write, be, backdate · To what, where: humans, date, document, other animals, pyramids, some · Speech: someone speaks here
«predate» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: predate in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To exist or happen earlier than something else: «Dinosaurs predate humans by millions of years.».
The tree, 15 words mark cc conj advmod case obl advmod punct punct nsubj advcl obj case obl case nmod punct punct punct root To PART exist VERB or CCONJ happen VERB earlier ADV than ADP something PRON else ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT Dinosaurs NOUN predate VERB humans NOUN by ADP millions NOUN of ADP years NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 exist mark 2 exist exist VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 happen cc 4 happen happen VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 exist conj 5 earlier early ADV Degree=Cmp 4 happen advmod 6 than than ADP _ 7 something case 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 earlier obl 8 else else ADV _ 7 something advmod 9 : : PUNCT _ 12 predate punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 12 predate punct 11 Dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN Number=Plur 12 predate nsubj 12 predate predate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 exist advcl 13 humans human NOUN Number=Plur 12 predate obj 14 by by ADP _ 15 millions case 15 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 12 predate obl 16 of of ADP _ 17 years case 17 years year NOUN Number=Plur 15 millions nmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 12 predate punct 19 » » PUNCT _ 12 predate punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 2 exist punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 exist to-infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 happen infinitive early property vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 predate in a quote present Dinosaurs humans by millions of years vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme human=Co-Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To write a date on a document that is earlier than the real day (also «backdate»).
The tree, 16 words mark det obj case det obl nsubj cop acl:relcl case det amod obl punct advmod punct acl:relcl punct punct punct root To PART write VERB a DET date NOUN on ADP a DET document NOUN that PRON is AUX earlier ADJ than ADP the DET real ADJ day NOUN ( PUNCT also ADV « PUNCT backdate VERB » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 write mark 2 write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 date det 4 date date NOUN Number=Sing 2 write obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 document case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 document det 7 document document NOUN Number=Sing 2 write obl 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 earlier nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 earlier cop 10 earlier early ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 document acl:relcl 11 than than ADP _ 14 day case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 day det 13 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 14 day amod 14 day day NOUN Number=Sing 10 earlier obl 15 ( ( PUNCT _ 18 backdate punct 16 also also ADV _ 18 backdate advmod 17 « « PUNCT _ 18 backdate punct 18 backdate backdate VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 day acl:relcl 19 » » PUNCT _ 18 backdate punct 20 ) ) PUNCT _ 18 backdate punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 2 write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write to-infinitive a date a document vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent date=Theme on document=Destination 2 is present a document day early property tree rules 3 backdate in a quote infinitive the real day not said here tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: science, of animals — kept apart, not parsed.
To hunt and eat other animals as prey (a related word: predator).
The tree, 12 words mark cc conj amod obj case obl punct det amod appos punct conj punct punct root To PART hunt VERB and CCONJ eat VERB other ADJ animals NOUN as ADP prey NOUN ( PUNCT a DET related ADJ word NOUN : PUNCT predator NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 hunt mark 2 hunt hunt VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 eat cc 4 eat eat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 hunt conj 5 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 6 animals amod 6 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 4 eat obj 7 as as ADP _ 8 prey case 8 prey prey NOUN Number=Sing 4 eat obl 9 ( ( PUNCT _ 12 word punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 word det 11 related related ADJ Degree=Pos 12 word amod 12 word word NOUN Number=Sing 8 prey appos 13 : : PUNCT _ 14 predator punct 14 predator predator NOUN Number=Sing 12 word conj 15 ) ) PUNCT _ 12 word punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 hunt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt to-infinitive vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 eat infinitive other animals as prey vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Patient
Example 1 Stonehenge predates the pyramids of Giza in some of its parts.
nsubj det obj case nmod case nmod case nmod:poss nmod punct root Stonehenge PROPN predates VERB the DET pyramids NOUN of ADP Giza PROPN in ADP some DET of ADP its PRON parts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stonehenge Stonehenge PROPN Number=Sing 2 predates nsubj 2 predates predate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 pyramids det 4 pyramids pyramid NOUN Number=Plur 2 predates obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 Giza case 6 Giza Giza PROPN Number=Sing 4 pyramids nmod 7 in in ADP _ 8 some case 8 some some DET PronType=Ind 4 pyramids nmod 9 of of ADP _ 11 parts case 10 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 parts nmod:poss 11 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 8 some nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 predates punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 predate present Stonehenge the pyramids of Giza some vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pyramid=Co-Theme
Example 2 The oak tree predates every house in our street.
det compound nsubj det obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET oak NOUN tree NOUN predates VERB every DET house NOUN in ADP our PRON street NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 tree det 2 oak oak NOUN Number=Sing 3 tree compound 3 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 4 predates nsubj 4 predates predate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 every every DET PronType=Tot 6 house det 6 house house NOUN Number=Sing 4 predates obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 street case 8 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 street nmod:poss 9 street street NOUN Number=Sing 4 predates obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 predates punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 predate present the oak tree every house our street vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme house=Co-Theme
Example 3 Fossils show that sharks predate dinosaurs.
nsubj mark nsubj ccomp obj punct root Fossils NOUN show VERB that SCONJ sharks NOUN predate VERB dinosaurs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fossils fossil NOUN Number=Plur 2 show nsubj 2 show show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 5 predate mark 4 sharks shark NOUN Number=Plur 5 predate nsubj 5 predate predate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 show ccomp 6 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN Number=Plur 5 predate obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 show punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present Fossils vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 predate present sharks dinosaurs vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme dinosaur=Co-Theme
Example 4 Owls predate on mice and voles.
nsubj case obl cc conj punct root Owls NOUN predate VERB on ADP mice NOUN and CCONJ voles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Owls owl NOUN Number=Plur 2 predate nsubj 2 predate predate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 4 mice case 4 mice mouse NOUN Number=Plur 2 predate obl 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 voles cc 6 voles vole NOUN Number=Plur 4 mice conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 predate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 predate present Owls on mice and voles vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Some stories of King Arthur predate the castles they mention.
det nsubj case compound nmod det obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root Some DET stories NOUN of ADP King PROPN Arthur PROPN predate VERB the DET castles NOUN they PRON mention VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 stories det 2 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 6 predate nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 Arthur case 4 King King PROPN Number=Sing 5 Arthur compound 5 Arthur Arthur PROPN Number=Sing 2 stories nmod 6 predate predate VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 castles det 8 castles castle NOUN Number=Plur 6 predate obj 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 mention nsubj 10 mention mention VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 castles acl:relcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 predate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 predate infinitive some stories of King Arthur the castles vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme castle=Co-Theme 2 mention speech: other present stories = story the castles not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent castle=Topic
Example 6 Dad predated the form by mistake, so he had to fill in a new one.
The tree, 15 words nsubj det obj case obl punct advmod nsubj conj mark xcomp compound:prt det amod obj punct root Dad NOUN predated VERB the DET form NOUN by ADP mistake NOUN , PUNCT so ADV he PRON had VERB to PART fill VERB in ADP a DET new ADJ one NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 predated nsubj 2 predated predate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 form det 4 form form NOUN Number=Sing 2 predated obj 5 by by ADP _ 6 mistake case 6 mistake mistake NOUN Number=Sing 2 predated obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 had punct 8 so so ADV _ 10 had advmod 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 had nsubj 10 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 predated conj 11 to to PART _ 12 fill mark 12 fill fill VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 had xcomp 13 in in ADP _ 12 fill compound:prt 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 one det 15 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 16 one amod 16 one one NOUN Number=Sing 12 fill obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 predated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 predate past Dad the form by mistake vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme form=Co-Theme 2 have past Dad tree rules 3 fill in to-infinitive Dad not said here a new one vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent one=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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