preference Who acts: you, I, survey, pupils, It, Aphrodite · What happens: like, choose, give, treat, have, list · To what, where: thing, preference, one person, films, order, preferences
«preference» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: preference in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A liking for one thing more than another.
det case nummod nmod amod case obl punct root A DET liking NOUN for ADP one NUM thing NOUN more ADJ than ADP another DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 liking det 2 liking liking NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 for for ADP _ 5 thing case 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 thing nummod 5 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 2 liking nmod 6 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 liking amod 7 than than ADP _ 8 another case 8 another another DET PronType=Ind 6 more obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 liking punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 2 The thing you like more or choose.
det obj nsubj advmod cc conj punct root The DET thing NOUN you PRON like VERB more ADV or CCONJ choose VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 thing det 2 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 4 like obj 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 like nsubj 4 like like VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 4 like advmod 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 choose cc 7 choose choose VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 more conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 like punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 like present you the thing vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot thing=Theme 2 choose infinitive you not said here vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 «Give preference to»: treat one person or group better or first.
The tree, 11 words punct obj case punct punct conj nummod obj cc conj advmod cc conj punct root « PUNCT Give VERB preference NOUN to ADP » PUNCT : PUNCT treat VERB one NUM person NOUN or CCONJ group NOUN better ADV or CCONJ first ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Give punct 2 Give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 preference preference NOUN Number=Sing 2 Give obj 4 to to ADP _ 5 » case 5 » » PUNCT _ 2 Give punct 6 : : PUNCT _ 7 treat punct 7 treat treat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 Give conj 8 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 person nummod 9 person person NOUN Number=Sing 7 treat obj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 group cc 11 group group NOUN Number=Sing 9 person conj 12 better well ADV Degree=Cmp 7 treat advmod 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 first cc 14 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 12 better conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 Give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give in a quote imperative you not said here preference vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent preference=Theme 2 treat infinitive you not said here one person or group well property vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent person=Recipient
Example 1 I have a preference for chocolate ice cream.
nsubj det obj case compound compound nmod punct root I PRON have VERB a DET preference NOUN for ADP chocolate NOUN ice NOUN cream NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 preference det 4 preference preference NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 5 for for ADP _ 8 cream case 6 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 7 ice compound 7 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 8 cream compound 8 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 4 preference nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present I a preference for ice cream vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent preference=Patient
Example 2 List the films in order of preference.
det obj case obl case nmod punct root List VERB the DET films NOUN in ADP order NOUN of ADP preference NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 List list VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 films det 3 films film NOUN Number=Plur 1 List obj 4 in in ADP _ 5 order case 5 order order NOUN Number=Sing 1 List obl 6 of of ADP _ 7 preference case 7 preference preference NOUN Number=Sing 5 order nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 List punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 list imperative you not said here the films order of preference tree rules 2 order preference nom order «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 3 The survey showed pupils' preferences for sports.
det nsubj nmod:poss case obj case obl punct root The DET survey NOUN showed VERB pupils NOUN ' PART preferences NOUN for ADP sports NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 survey det 2 survey survey NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed nsubj 3 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 6 preferences nmod:poss 5 ' 's PART _ 4 pupils case 6 preferences preference NOUN Number=Plur 3 showed obj 7 for for ADP _ 8 sports case 8 sports sport NOUN Number=Plur 3 showed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the survey pupils's preferences for sports vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent preference=Recipient 2 prefer pupils nom preference «feeling transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 It's a matter of personal preference.
nsubj cop det case amod nmod punct root It PRON 's AUX a DET matter NOUN of ADP personal ADJ preference NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 matter nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 matter cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 matter det 4 matter matter NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 preference case 6 personal personal ADJ Degree=Pos 7 preference amod 7 preference preference NOUN Number=Sing 4 matter nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 matter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It a matter of personal preference tree rules
Example 5 Older people are given preference for seats on the bus.
amod nsubj aux:pass obj case obl case det nmod punct root Older ADJ people NOUN are AUX given VERB preference NOUN for ADP seats NOUN on ADP the DET bus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 people amod 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 given nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 given aux:pass 4 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 preference preference NOUN Number=Sing 4 given obj 6 for for ADP _ 7 seats case 7 seats seat NOUN Number=Plur 4 given obl 8 on on ADP _ 10 bus case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 bus det 10 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 7 seats nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 given punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give present · passive Older people for seats on the bus vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: subject=Recipient preference=Theme for seat=Asset
Example 6 Do you have a preference, tea or juice?
aux nsubj det obj punct conj cc conj punct root Do AUX you PRON have VERB a DET preference NOUN , PUNCT tea NOUN or CCONJ juice NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 have aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 preference det 5 preference preference NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 tea punct 7 tea tea NOUN Number=Sing 5 preference conj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 juice cc 9 juice juice NOUN Number=Sing 5 preference conj 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present · do-support you a preference and tea or juice vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent preference=Patient
Example 7 Aphrodite greatly preferred Ares to her husband, and this preference naturally gave rise to much jealousy on the part of Hephaestus, and caused them great unhappiness.
The tree, 26 words nsubj advmod obj case nmod:poss obl punct cc det nsubj advmod conj obj case amod obl case det obl case nmod punct cc conj obj amod obj punct root Aphrodite NOUN greatly ADV preferred VERB Ares NOUN to ADP her PRON husband NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ this DET preference NOUN naturally ADV gave VERB rise NOUN to ADP much ADJ jealousy NOUN on ADP the DET part NOUN of ADP Hephaestus PROPN , PUNCT and CCONJ caused VERB them PRON great ADJ unhappiness NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Aphrodite aphrodite NOUN Number=Sing 3 preferred nsubj 2 greatly greatly ADV _ 3 preferred advmod 3 preferred prefer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 Ares ar NOUN Number=Plur 3 preferred obj 5 to to ADP _ 7 husband case 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 husband nmod:poss 7 husband husband NOUN Number=Sing 3 preferred obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 13 gave punct 9 and and CCONJ _ 13 gave cc 10 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 11 preference det 11 preference preference NOUN Number=Sing 13 gave nsubj 12 naturally naturally ADV _ 13 gave advmod 13 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 preferred conj 14 rise rise NOUN Number=Sing 13 gave obj 15 to to ADP _ 17 jealousy case 16 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 17 jealousy amod 17 jealousy jealousy NOUN Number=Sing 13 gave obl 18 on on ADP _ 20 part case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 part det 20 part part NOUN Number=Sing 13 gave obl 21 of of ADP _ 22 Hephaestus case 22 Hephaestus Hephaestus PROPN Number=Sing 20 part nmod 23 , , PUNCT _ 25 caused punct 24 and and CCONJ _ 25 caused cc 25 caused cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 preferred conj 26 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 25 caused obj 27 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 28 unhappiness amod 28 unhappiness unhappiness NOUN Number=Sing 25 caused obj 29 . . PUNCT _ 3 preferred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 prefer past Aphrodite Ares to Aphrodite's husband; greatly property vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ar=Stimulus 2 give past this preference rise much jealousy the part of Hephaestus naturally property vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.asset»: agent=Agent rise=Theme to jealousy=Recipient on part=Asset 3 cause past Aphrodite not said here Ares = ar vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Causer they=Theme unhappiness=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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