present Who acts: present, you, present tense, She, 23 pupils, 4 · What happens: be, give, mean, present, show, talk · To what, where: gift, someone, birthday, time, pre-ZENT, grammar · Speech: someone speaks here
«present» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: present in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A present is a gift you give someone, for example on a birthday.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj punct case obl case det obl punct root A DET present NOUN is AUX a DET gift NOUN you PRON give VERB someone PRON , PUNCT for ADP example NOUN on ADP a DET birthday NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 present det 2 present present NOUN Number=Sing 5 gift nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 gift cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 gift det 5 gift gift NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 give nsubj 7 give give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 gift acl:relcl 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 give obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 example punct 10 for for ADP _ 11 example case 11 example example NOUN Number=Sing 7 give obl 12 on on ADP _ 14 birthday case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 birthday det 14 birthday birthday NOUN Number=Sing 7 give obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 gift punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a present a gift tree rules 2 give present you someone a birthday for example vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent someone=Theme for example=Asset
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Present means being here, in this place: «present in class».
The tree, 10 words nsubj cop ccomp punct case det parataxis punct punct amod case obl punct punct root Present NOUN means VERB being AUX here ADV , PUNCT in ADP this DET place NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT present ADJ in ADP class NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Present present NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 here cop 4 here here ADV PronType=Dem 2 means ccomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 place punct 6 in in ADP _ 8 place case 7 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 8 place det 8 place place NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 9 : : PUNCT _ 11 present punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 11 present punct 11 present present ADJ Degree=Pos 8 place amod 12 in in ADP _ 13 class case 13 class class NOUN Number=Sing 11 present obl 14 » » PUNCT _ 11 present punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 is gerund here property tree rules
Meaning 3 The present is now, this time, not the past or the future.
The tree, 12 words det nsubj cop advmod punct det punct advmod det parataxis cc det conj punct root The DET present NOUN is AUX now ADV , PUNCT this DET time NOUN , PUNCT not PART the DET past NOUN or CCONJ the DET future NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 present det 2 present present NOUN Number=Sing 7 time nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 time cop 4 now now ADV PronType=Dem 7 time advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 time punct 6 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 time det 7 time time NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 past punct 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 past advmod 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 past det 11 past past NOUN Number=Sing 7 time parataxis 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 future cc 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 future det 14 future future NOUN Number=Sing 11 past conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 time punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the present this time now tree rules
Meaning 4 To present (pre-ZENT) is to give something formally, or to show and talk about something to a group.
The tree, 18 words mark advcl punct obj punct cop mark obj advmod punct cc mark parataxis cc conj case obl case det obl punct root To PART present VERB ( PUNCT pre-ZENT NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX to PART give VERB something PRON formally ADV , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART show VERB and CCONJ talk VERB about ADP something PRON to ADP a DET group NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 present mark 2 present present VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 give advcl 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 pre-ZENT punct 4 pre-ZENT pre-zent NOUN Number=Sing 2 present obj 5 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 pre-ZENT punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 give cop 7 to to PART _ 8 give mark 8 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 give obj 10 formally formally ADV _ 8 give advmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 show punct 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 show cc 13 to to PART _ 14 show mark 14 show show VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 8 give parataxis 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 talk cc 16 talk talk VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 14 show conj 17 about about ADP _ 18 something case 18 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 16 talk obl 19 to to ADP _ 21 group case 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 group det 21 group group NOUN Number=Sing 16 talk obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 8 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 present to-infinitive pre-ZENT vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pre-zent=Theme 2 is present formally, give property tree rules 3 show to-infinitive vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 talk infinitive about something; to a group vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.topic»: agent=Agent about something=Topic to group=Co-Agent
Meaning 5 In grammar, the present tense tells about now: «I walk».
The tree, 10 words case obl punct det amod nsubj advmod advmod punct punct nsubj ccomp punct punct root In ADP grammar NOUN , PUNCT the DET present ADJ tense NOUN tells VERB about ADV now ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT I PRON walk VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 grammar case 2 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 7 tells obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 grammar punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 tense det 5 present present ADJ Degree=Pos 6 tense amod 6 tense tense NOUN Number=Sing 7 tells nsubj 7 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 about about ADV _ 9 now advmod 9 now now ADV PronType=Dem 7 tells advmod 10 : : PUNCT _ 13 walk punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 13 walk punct 12 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 13 walk nsubj 13 walk walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 tells ccomp 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 walk punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 tells punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert present the present tense grammar now vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 walk in a quote present the present tense = tense vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 She got 7 presents for her birthday.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod:poss obl punct root She PRON got VERB 7 NUM presents NOUN for ADP her PRON birthday NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 got nsubj 2 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 presents nummod 4 presents present NOUN Number=Plur 2 got obj 5 for for ADP _ 7 birthday case 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 birthday nmod:poss 7 birthday birthday NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past She 7 presents for her birthday vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent present=Theme for birthday=Source
Example 2 23 pupils are present today and 4 are absent.
nummod nsubj cop obl:unmarked cc nsubj cop conj punct root 23 NUM pupils NOUN are AUX present ADJ today NOUN and CCONJ 4 NUM are AUX absent ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 23 23 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 pupils nummod 2 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 4 present nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 present cop 4 present present ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 today today NOUN Number=Sing 4 present obl:unmarked 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 absent cc 7 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 absent nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 absent cop 9 absent absent ADJ Degree=Pos 4 present conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 present punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present 23 pupils today present property tree rules 2 is present 4 absent property tree rules
Example 3 Each present costs 5 dollars.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET present NOUN costs VERB 5 NUM dollars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 present det 2 present present NOUN Number=Sing 3 costs nsubj 3 costs cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 dollars nummod 5 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 3 costs obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 costs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present each present 5 dollars vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value
Example 4 His present age is 9; how old will he be in 5 years?
The tree, 13 words nmod:poss amod nsubj cop punct advmod parataxis aux nsubj cop case nummod parataxis punct root His PRON present ADJ age NOUN is AUX 9 NUM ; PUNCT how ADV old ADJ will AUX he PRON be AUX in ADP 5 NUM years NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 age nmod:poss 2 present present ADJ Degree=Pos 3 age amod 3 age age NOUN Number=Sing 5 9 nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 9 cop 5 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 old punct 7 how how ADV PronType=Int 8 old advmod 8 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 9 parataxis 9 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 years aux 10 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 years nsubj 11 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 14 years cop 12 in in ADP _ 14 years case 13 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 14 years nummod 14 years year NOUN Number=Plur 8 old parataxis 15 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 9 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present His present age 9 tree rules 2 is future he in 5 years tree rules
Example 5 We each presented our project to the class.
nsubj nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root We PRON each DET presented VERB our PRON project NOUN to ADP the DET class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 presented nsubj 2 each each DET PronType=Tot 3 presented nsubj 3 presented present VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 project nmod:poss 5 project project NOUN Number=Sing 3 presented obj 6 to to ADP _ 8 class case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 class det 8 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 presented obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 presented punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 present past We our project the class vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent project=Theme to class=Recipient 2 project our nom project «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 The head teacher presented the prizes.
det compound nsubj det obj punct root The DET head NOUN teacher NOUN presented VERB the DET prizes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 teacher det 2 head head NOUN Number=Sing 3 teacher compound 3 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 presented nsubj 4 presented present VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 prizes det 6 prizes prize NOUN Number=Plur 4 presented obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 presented punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 present past the head teacher the prizes vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prize=Theme
Example 7 «I play» is in the present tense.
punct nsubj advcl punct cop case det amod punct root « PUNCT I PRON play VERB » PUNCT is AUX in ADP the DET present ADJ tense NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 play punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 play nsubj 3 play play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 tense advcl 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 play punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 tense cop 6 in in ADP _ 9 tense case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 tense det 8 present present ADJ Degree=Pos 9 tense amod 9 tense tense NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 tense punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play in a quote present I vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present the present tense tree rules
Example 8 At present, the shop is closed.
case obl punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass punct root At ADP present NOUN , PUNCT the DET shop NOUN is AUX closed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 At at ADP _ 2 present case 2 present present NOUN Number=Sing 7 closed obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 present punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 shop det 5 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 7 closed nsubj:pass 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 closed aux:pass 7 closed close VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 closed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 close present · passive the shop present vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 9 Wrap the present in bright paper.
det obj case amod nmod punct root Wrap VERB the DET present NOUN in ADP bright ADJ paper NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wrap wrap VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 present det 3 present present NOUN Number=Sing 1 Wrap obj 4 in in ADP _ 6 paper case 5 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 6 paper amod 6 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 3 present nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wrap punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wrap imperative you not said here the present bright paper vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent present=Theme in paper=Destination
Example 10 "Take it pray, as a present!"
punct obj xcomp punct case det obl punct punct root " PUNCT Take VERB it PRON pray VERB , PUNCT as ADP a DET present NOUN ! PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Take punct 2 Take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 Take obj 4 pray pray VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 Take xcomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 present punct 6 as as ADP _ 8 present case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 present det 8 present present NOUN Number=Sing 2 Take obl 9 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Take punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 2 Take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take in a quote imperative you not said here it as a present tree rules 2 pray in a quote infinitive you not said here vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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