pretence Who acts: Pretence, something, example, you, smile, she · What happens: act, be, pretend, give, hide, make · To what, where: false reason, real one, pretence, test, house, meter · Speech: someone speaks here
«pretence» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pretence in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Pretence is acting as if something is true when it is not, for example pretending to be asleep or happy.
The tree, 20 words nsubj aux mark mark nsubj cop advcl mark nsubj cop advcl punct case obl acl mark cop xcomp cc conj punct root Pretence NOUN is AUX acting VERB as SCONJ if SCONJ something PRON is AUX true ADJ when SCONJ it PRON is AUX not PART , PUNCT for ADP example NOUN pretending VERB to PART be AUX asleep ADJ or CCONJ happy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pretence pretence NOUN Number=Sing 3 acting nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 acting aux 3 acting act VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 as as SCONJ _ 8 true mark 5 if if SCONJ _ 8 true mark 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 true nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 true cop 8 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 3 acting advcl 9 when when SCONJ _ 12 not mark 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 not nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 not cop 12 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 true advcl 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 example punct 14 for for ADP _ 15 example case 15 example example NOUN Number=Sing 3 acting obl 16 pretending pretend VERB VerbForm=Ger 15 example acl 17 to to PART _ 19 asleep mark 18 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 19 asleep cop 19 asleep asleep ADJ Degree=Pos 16 pretending xcomp 20 or or CCONJ _ 21 happy cc 21 happy happy ADJ Degree=Pos 19 asleep conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 3 acting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 act present · progressive Pretence for example vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present something true property tree rules 3 pretend gerund example not said here tree rules 4 is to-infinitive example not said here asleep property tree rules 5 be example not said here tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A pretence can be a false reason given to hide the real one, as in "under the pretence of helping".
The tree, 20 words det nsubj aux cop det amod acl mark advcl det amod obj punct mark case punct case det appos case nmod punct punct root A DET pretence NOUN can AUX be AUX a DET false ADJ reason NOUN given VERB to PART hide VERB the DET real ADJ one NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ in ADP " PUNCT under ADP the DET pretence NOUN of ADP helping NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pretence det 2 pretence pretence NOUN Number=Sing 7 reason nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 reason aux 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 reason cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 reason det 6 false false ADJ Degree=Pos 7 reason amod 7 reason reason NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 reason acl 9 to to PART _ 10 hide mark 10 hide hide VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 given advcl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 one det 12 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 13 one amod 13 one one NOUN Number=Sing 10 hide obj 14 , , PUNCT _ 20 pretence punct 15 as as SCONJ _ 20 pretence mark 16 in in ADP _ 20 pretence case 17 " " PUNCT _ 20 pretence punct 18 under under ADP _ 20 pretence case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 pretence det 20 pretence pretence NOUN Number=Sing 7 reason appos 21 of of ADP _ 22 helping case 22 helping helping NOUN Number=Sing 20 pretence nmod 23 " " PUNCT _ 20 pretence punct 24 . . PUNCT _ 7 reason punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a pretence a false reason tree rules 2 give participle a false reason not said here vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 hide to-infinitive the real one vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient
Meaning 3 "Make no pretence" means not even trying to look as if you are something.
The tree, 14 words punct csubj det obj punct advmod advmod ccomp mark xcomp case fixed nsubj cop obl punct root " PUNCT Make VERB no DET pretence NOUN " PUNCT means VERB not PART even ADV trying VERB to PART look VERB as ADP if SCONJ you PRON are AUX something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Make punct 2 Make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means csubj 3 no no DET PronType=Neg 4 pretence det 4 pretence pretence NOUN Number=Sing 2 Make obj 5 " " PUNCT _ 2 Make punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 means advmod 8 even even ADV _ 9 trying advmod 9 trying try VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 means ccomp 10 to to PART _ 11 look mark 11 look look VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 trying xcomp 12 as as ADP ExtPos=ADP 16 something case 13 if if SCONJ _ 12 as fixed 14 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 16 something nsubj 15 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 something cop 16 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 look obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make in a quote infinitive no pretence vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pretence=Product 2 not mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 try gerund vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 4 look not said to happen to-infinitive vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 5 is present you as something tree rules
Example 1 Her smile was just a pretence; inside she was sad.
nmod:poss nsubj cop advmod det punct mark nsubj cop parataxis punct root Her PRON smile NOUN was AUX just ADV a DET pretence NOUN ; PUNCT inside ADP she PRON was AUX sad ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 smile nmod:poss 2 smile smile NOUN Number=Sing 6 pretence nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 pretence cop 4 just just ADV _ 6 pretence advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 pretence det 6 pretence pretence NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 sad punct 8 inside inside ADP _ 11 sad mark 9 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 sad nsubj 10 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 sad cop 11 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 6 pretence parataxis 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 pretence punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Her smile a pretence tree rules 2 is past she sad property tree rules 3 smile Her = she nom smile «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 He kept up the pretence of being ill to miss the test.
nsubj compound:prt det obj case cop nmod mark advcl det obj punct root He PRON kept VERB up ADP the DET pretence NOUN of ADP being AUX ill ADJ to PART miss VERB the DET test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 kept nsubj 2 kept keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 kept compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 pretence det 5 pretence pretence NOUN Number=Sing 2 kept obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 ill case 7 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 ill cop 8 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 5 pretence nmod 9 to to PART _ 10 miss mark 10 miss miss VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 kept advcl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 test det 12 test test NOUN Number=Sing 10 miss obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 kept punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep up past He the pretence vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent pretence=Theme 2 is gerund ill property tree rules 3 miss to-infinitive He not said here the test vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer test=Stimulus
Example 3 The scammer got into the house under the pretence of checking the meter.
det nsubj case det obl case det obl mark acl det obj punct root The DET scammer NOUN got VERB into ADP the DET house NOUN under ADP the DET pretence NOUN of SCONJ checking VERB the DET meter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 scammer det 2 scammer scammer NOUN Number=Sing 3 got nsubj 3 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 into into ADP _ 6 house case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 house det 6 house house NOUN Number=Sing 3 got obl 7 under under ADP _ 9 pretence case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 pretence det 9 pretence pretence NOUN Number=Sing 3 got obl 10 of of SCONJ _ 11 checking mark 11 checking check VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 pretence acl 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 meter det 13 meter meter NOUN Number=Sing 11 checking obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past the scammer the house under the pretence vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into house=Destination 2 check gerund the pretence not said here the meter vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meter=Theme
Example 4 Let's drop the pretence and tell the truth.
obj xcomp det obj cc conj det obj punct root Let VERB 's PRON drop VERB the DET pretence NOUN and CCONJ tell VERB the DET truth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 's we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Let obj 3 drop drop VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Let xcomp 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 pretence det 5 pretence pretence NOUN Number=Sing 3 drop obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 tell cc 7 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 drop conj 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 truth det 9 truth truth NOUN Number=Sing 7 tell obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let imperative you not said here 's tree rules 2 drop infinitive 's not said here the pretence vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pretence=Theme 3 tell speech: assert infinitive 's not said here the truth vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient
Example 5 Their game of pretence turned the sofa into a pirate ship.
nmod:poss nsubj case nmod det obj case det compound obl punct root Their PRON game NOUN of ADP pretence NOUN turned VERB the DET sofa NOUN into ADP a DET pirate NOUN ship NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 game nmod:poss 2 game game NOUN Number=Sing 5 turned nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 pretence case 4 pretence pretence NOUN Number=Sing 2 game nmod 5 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sofa det 7 sofa sofa NOUN Number=Sing 5 turned obj 8 into into ADP _ 11 ship case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 ship det 10 pirate pirate NOUN Number=Sing 11 ship compound 11 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 5 turned obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 turned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn past Their game of pretence the sofa a pirate ship vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent sofa=Theme into ship=Trajectory
Example 6 He made no pretence of liking broccoli.
nsubj det obj mark acl obj punct root He PRON made VERB no DET pretence NOUN of SCONJ liking VERB broccoli NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 no no DET PronType=Neg 4 pretence det 4 pretence pretence NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 5 of of SCONJ _ 6 liking mark 6 liking like VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 pretence acl 7 broccoli broccoli NOUN Number=Sing 6 liking obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past He no pretence vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pretence=Product 2 like gerund no pretence not said here broccoli vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot broccoli=Theme
Example 7 Getting money under false pretences is a crime.
csubj obj case amod obl cop det punct root Getting VERB money NOUN under ADP false ADJ pretences NOUN is AUX a DET crime NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Getting get VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 crime csubj 2 money money NOUN Number=Sing 1 Getting obj 3 under under ADP _ 5 pretences case 4 false false ADJ Degree=Pos 5 pretences amod 5 pretences pretence NOUN Number=Plur 1 Getting obl 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 crime cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 crime det 8 crime crime NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 crime punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get gerund money false pretences vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer money=Stimulus 2 is a present Getting a crime tree rules
Example 8 So, under pretence of visiting some small islands that belonged to his father, he set out.
The tree, 16 words advmod punct case obl mark acl det amod obj nsubj acl:relcl case nmod:poss obl punct nsubj compound:prt punct root So ADV , PUNCT under ADP pretence NOUN of SCONJ visiting VERB some DET small ADJ islands NOUN that PRON belonged VERB to ADP his PRON father NOUN , PUNCT he PRON set VERB out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 So so ADV _ 17 set advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 So punct 3 under under ADP _ 4 pretence case 4 pretence pretence NOUN Number=Sing 17 set obl 5 of of SCONJ _ 6 visiting mark 6 visiting visit VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 pretence acl 7 some some DET PronType=Ind 9 islands det 8 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 9 islands amod 9 islands island NOUN Number=Plur 6 visiting obj 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 belonged nsubj 11 belonged belong VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 islands acl:relcl 12 to to ADP _ 14 father case 13 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 father nmod:poss 14 father father NOUN Number=Sing 11 belonged obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 4 pretence punct 16 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 set nsubj 17 set set VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 18 out out ADP _ 17 set compound:prt 19 . . PUNCT _ 17 set punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 visit gerund pretence not said here some small islands vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent island=Co-Agent 2 belong past some small islands to his father vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme 3 set out past he pretence vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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