presuppose Who acts: you, plan, everyone, Reading, question, somebody · What happens: take, grant, start, presuppose, help, need · To what, where: something, letters, vase, times tables, trust, answer · Speech: someone speaks here
«presuppose» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: presuppose in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To take something for granted as true before you start: «The plan presupposes that everyone will help.».
The tree, 17 words mark advcl obj mark advcl case obl mark nsubj punct punct det nsubj conj mark nsubj aux advcl punct punct punct root To PART take VERB something PRON for SCONJ granted VERB as ADP true ADJ before SCONJ you PRON start VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET plan NOUN presupposes VERB that SCONJ everyone PRON will AUX help VERB . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 take mark 2 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 start advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 take obj 4 for for SCONJ _ 5 granted mark 5 granted grant VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 take advcl 6 as as ADP _ 7 true case 7 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 5 granted obl 8 before before SCONJ _ 10 start mark 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 start nsubj 10 start start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 11 : : PUNCT _ 15 presupposes punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 15 presupposes punct 13 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 plan det 14 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 15 presupposes nsubj 15 presupposes presuppose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 start conj 16 that that SCONJ _ 19 help mark 17 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 19 help nsubj 18 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 19 help aux 19 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 presupposes advcl 20 . . PUNCT _ 19 help punct 21 » » PUNCT _ 19 help punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 10 start punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take to-infinitive you not said here something vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 grant participle you not said here as true vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent 3 start present you vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 4 presuppose in a quote present the plan tree rules 5 help in a quote future everyone vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To need something to be true or to exist first: «Reading presupposes knowing the letters.».
The tree, 15 words mark advcl obj mark cop acl cc mark advmod punct punct nsubj parataxis advcl det obj punct punct punct root To PART need VERB something PRON to PART be AUX true ADJ or CCONJ to PART exist VERB first ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT Reading NOUN presupposes VERB knowing VERB the DET letters NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 need mark 2 need need VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 exist advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 need obj 4 to to PART _ 6 true mark 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 true cop 6 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 3 something acl 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 exist cc 8 to to PART _ 9 exist mark 9 exist exist VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 10 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 9 exist advmod 11 : : PUNCT _ 14 presupposes punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 14 presupposes punct 13 Reading reading NOUN Number=Sing 14 presupposes nsubj 14 presupposes presuppose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 exist parataxis 15 knowing know VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 14 presupposes advcl 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 letters det 17 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 15 knowing obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 14 presupposes punct 19 » » PUNCT _ 14 presupposes punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 9 exist punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need to-infinitive something vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot something=Theme 2 is to-infinitive something not said here true property tree rules 3 exist to-infinitive first property tree rules 4 presuppose in a quote present Reading tree rules 5 know in a quote gerund Reading not said here the letters vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer letter=Stimulus
Example 1 The question «Who broke the vase?» presupposes that somebody broke it.
The tree, 11 words det nsubj punct nsubj acl det obj punct punct mark nsubj ccomp obj punct root The DET question NOUN « PUNCT Who PRON broke VERB the DET vase NOUN ? PUNCT » PUNCT presupposes VERB that SCONJ somebody PRON broke VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 question det 2 question question NOUN Number=Sing 10 presupposes nsubj 3 « « PUNCT _ 5 broke punct 4 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 5 broke nsubj 5 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 question acl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 vase det 7 vase vase NOUN Number=Sing 5 broke obj 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 broke punct 9 » » PUNCT _ 5 broke punct 10 presupposes presuppose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 11 that that SCONJ _ 13 broke mark 12 somebody somebody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 broke nsubj 13 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 presupposes ccomp 14 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 broke obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 10 presupposes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break in a quote past the question the vase vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer vase=Patient 2 presuppose present the question tree rules 3 break past somebody vase vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Patient
Example 2 Long division presupposes that you know your times tables.
amod nsubj mark nsubj advcl nmod:poss compound obj punct root Long ADJ division NOUN presupposes VERB that SCONJ you PRON know VERB your PRON times NOUN tables NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Long long ADJ Degree=Pos 2 division amod 2 division division NOUN Number=Sing 3 presupposes nsubj 3 presupposes presuppose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 6 know mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 know nsubj 6 know know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 presupposes advcl 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 tables nmod:poss 8 times time NOUN Number=Plur 9 tables compound 9 tables table NOUN Number=Plur 6 know obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 presupposes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 presuppose present Long division tree rules 2 know present you your times tables vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer table=Stimulus
Example 3 His plan presupposes that the bus will be on time.
nmod:poss nsubj mark det nsubj aux cop case ccomp punct root His PRON plan NOUN presupposes VERB that SCONJ the DET bus NOUN will AUX be AUX on ADP time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 plan nmod:poss 2 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 3 presupposes nsubj 3 presupposes presuppose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 10 time mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bus det 6 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 10 time nsubj 7 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 time aux 8 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 10 time cop 9 on on ADP _ 10 time case 10 time time NOUN Number=Sing 3 presupposes ccomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 presupposes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 presuppose present His plan tree rules 2 is future the bus on time tree rules 3 plan His = he nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 The story presupposes that dragons can talk.
det nsubj mark nsubj aux ccomp punct root The DET story NOUN presupposes VERB that SCONJ dragons NOUN can AUX talk VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 story det 2 story story NOUN Number=Sing 3 presupposes nsubj 3 presupposes presuppose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 7 talk mark 5 dragons dragon NOUN Number=Plur 7 talk nsubj 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 talk aux 7 talk talk VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 presupposes ccomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 presupposes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 presuppose present the story tree rules 2 talk can dragons vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Good teamwork presupposes trust.
amod nsubj obj punct root Good ADJ teamwork NOUN presupposes VERB trust NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Good good ADJ Degree=Pos 2 teamwork amod 2 teamwork teamwork NOUN Number=Sing 3 presupposes nsubj 3 presupposes presuppose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 trust trust NOUN Number=Sing 3 presupposes obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 presupposes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 presuppose present Good teamwork trust tree rules
Example 6 Don't presuppose the answer before you check the facts.
aux advmod det obj mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root Do AUX n't PART presuppose VERB the DET answer NOUN before SCONJ you PRON check VERB the DET facts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 presuppose aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 presuppose advmod 3 presuppose presuppose VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 answer det 5 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 3 presuppose obj 6 before before SCONJ _ 8 check mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 check nsubj 8 check check VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 presuppose advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 facts det 10 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 8 check obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 presuppose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not presuppose imperative · do-support you not said here the answer tree rules 2 check present you the facts vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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