pretext Who acts: real reason, He, pretext, She, invaders, Asking · What happens: give, hide, do, call, borrow, want · To what, where: false reason, real reason, something, pretext, sugar, puppy · Speech: someone speaks here
«pretext» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pretext in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A false reason given to hide the real reason for doing something: «He called on the pretext of borrowing sugar, but really he wanted to see the puppy.».
The tree, 28 words det amod acl mark advcl det amod obj mark acl obj punct punct nsubj parataxis case det obl mark acl obj punct cc advmod nsubj advcl mark xcomp det obj punct punct punct root A DET false ADJ reason NOUN given VERB to PART hide VERB the DET real ADJ reason NOUN for SCONJ doing VERB something PRON : PUNCT « PUNCT He PRON called VERB on ADP the DET pretext NOUN of SCONJ borrowing VERB sugar NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ really ADV he PRON wanted VERB to PART see VERB the DET puppy NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 reason det 2 false false ADJ Degree=Pos 3 reason amod 3 reason reason NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 reason acl 5 to to PART _ 6 hide mark 6 hide hide VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 given advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 reason det 8 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 9 reason amod 9 reason reason NOUN Number=Sing 6 hide obj 10 for for SCONJ _ 11 doing mark 11 doing do VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 reason acl 12 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 doing obj 13 : : PUNCT _ 16 called punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 16 called punct 15 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 called nsubj 16 called call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 reason parataxis 17 on on ADP _ 19 pretext case 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 pretext det 19 pretext pretext NOUN Number=Sing 16 called obl 20 of of SCONJ _ 21 borrowing mark 21 borrowing borrow VERB VerbForm=Ger 19 pretext acl 22 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 21 borrowing obj 23 , , PUNCT _ 27 wanted punct 24 but but CCONJ _ 27 wanted cc 25 really really ADV _ 27 wanted advmod 26 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 27 wanted nsubj 27 wanted want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 called advcl 28 to to PART _ 29 see mark 29 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 27 wanted xcomp 30 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 31 puppy det 31 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 29 see obj 32 . . PUNCT _ 16 called punct 33 » » PUNCT _ 16 called punct 34 . . PUNCT _ 3 reason punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give participle a false reason not said here vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 hide to-infinitive the real reason vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient 3 do gerund the real reason not said here something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 4 call in a quote past He the pretext vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 borrow in a quote gerund the pretext not said here sugar vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sugar=Theme 6 want in a quote past he vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 7 see not said to happen, in a quote to-infinitive he not said here the puppy vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer puppy=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 An excuse used to start something, like a fight or a war.
det acl mark advcl obj punct case det conj cc det conj punct root An DET excuse NOUN used VERB to PART start VERB something PRON , PUNCT like ADP a DET fight NOUN or CCONJ a DET war NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 excuse det 2 excuse excuse NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 excuse acl 4 to to PART _ 5 start mark 5 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 used advcl 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 start obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 fight punct 8 like like ADP _ 10 fight case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 fight det 10 fight fight NOUN Number=Sing 6 something conj 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 war cc 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 war det 13 war war NOUN Number=Sing 6 something conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 excuse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use participle a excuse not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 start to-infinitive something vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
Example 1 She went to the kitchen on the pretext of getting water, but really she wanted biscuits.
The tree, 16 words nsubj case det obl case det obl case amod nmod punct cc advmod nsubj parataxis obj punct root She PRON went VERB to ADP the DET kitchen NOUN on ADP the DET pretext NOUN of ADP getting VERB water NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ really ADV she PRON wanted VERB biscuits NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 kitchen case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 kitchen det 5 kitchen kitchen NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obl 6 on on ADP _ 8 pretext case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 pretext det 8 pretext pretext NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obl 9 of of ADP _ 11 water case 10 getting get VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 water amod 11 water water NOUN Number=Sing 8 pretext nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 wanted punct 13 but but CCONJ _ 16 wanted cc 14 really really ADV _ 16 wanted advmod 15 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 wanted nsubj 16 wanted want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 went parataxis 17 biscuits biscuit NOUN Number=Plur 16 wanted obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past She the pretext of getting water to the kitchen vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to kitchen=Initial_Location 2 get gerund vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 3 want past she biscuits vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot biscuit=Theme
Example 2 The invaders used a small border fight as a pretext for war.
det nsubj det amod compound obj case det obl case nmod punct root The DET invaders NOUN used VERB a DET small ADJ border NOUN fight NOUN as ADP a DET pretext NOUN for ADP war NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 invaders det 2 invaders invader NOUN Number=Plur 3 used nsubj 3 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 fight det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fight amod 6 border border NOUN Number=Sing 7 fight compound 7 fight fight NOUN Number=Sing 3 used obj 8 as as ADP _ 10 pretext case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 pretext det 10 pretext pretext NOUN Number=Sing 3 used obl 11 for for ADP _ 12 war case 12 war war NOUN Number=Sing 10 pretext nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past the invaders a small border fight as a pretext for war vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent fight=Duration as pretext=Attribute
Example 3 The scammer phoned on the pretext of checking the bank account.
det acl case det obl mark acl det compound obj punct root The DET scammer NOUN phoned VERB on ADP the DET pretext NOUN of SCONJ checking VERB the DET bank NOUN account NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 scammer det 2 scammer scammer NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 phoned phone VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 scammer acl 4 on on ADP _ 6 pretext case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 pretext det 6 pretext pretext NOUN Number=Sing 3 phoned obl 7 of of SCONJ _ 8 checking mark 8 checking check VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 pretext acl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 account det 10 bank bank NOUN Number=Sing 11 account compound 11 account account NOUN Number=Sing 8 checking obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 scammer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 phone participle the scammer not said here the pretext vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 check gerund the pretext not said here the bank account vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent account=Theme
Example 4 He made up a pretext to leave the party early.
nsubj compound:prt det obj mark advcl det obj advmod punct root He PRON made VERB up ADP a DET pretext NOUN to PART leave VERB the DET party NOUN early ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 made compound:prt 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 pretext det 5 pretext pretext NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 6 to to PART _ 7 leave mark 7 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 made advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 party det 9 party party NOUN Number=Sing 7 leave obj 10 early early ADV Degree=Pos 7 leave advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make up past He a pretext vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pretext=Pivot 2 leave to-infinitive He not said here the party early property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent party=Theme
Example 5 Asking for directions was just a pretext to start talking.
csubj case obl cop advmod det mark acl xcomp punct root Asking VERB for ADP directions NOUN was AUX just ADV a DET pretext NOUN to PART start VERB talking VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Asking ask VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 pretext csubj 2 for for ADP _ 3 directions case 3 directions direction NOUN Number=Plur 1 Asking obl 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 pretext cop 5 just just ADV _ 7 pretext advmod 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pretext det 7 pretext pretext NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 to to PART _ 9 start mark 9 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 pretext acl 10 talking talk VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 start xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 pretext punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask gerund for directions vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a past Asking a pretext tree rules 3 start to-infinitive vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 4 talk gerund vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Never give your password, whatever pretext someone gives.
advmod nmod:poss obj punct det appos nsubj acl:relcl punct root Never ADV give VERB your PRON password NOUN , PUNCT whatever DET pretext NOUN someone PRON gives VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 give advmod 2 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 password nmod:poss 4 password password NOUN Number=Sing 2 give obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 pretext punct 6 whatever whatever DET PronType=Int 7 pretext det 7 pretext pretext NOUN Number=Sing 4 password appos 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 gives nsubj 9 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 pretext acl:relcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not give imperative you not said here your password vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent password=Theme 2 give present someone whatever pretext not said here vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pretext=Theme
Example 7 Then he leaves the room, under the pretext of giving an order, and Nikita takes his place.
The tree, 17 words advmod nsubj det obj punct case det conj mark acl det obj punct cc nsubj conj nmod:poss obj punct root Then ADV he PRON leaves VERB the DET room NOUN , PUNCT under ADP the DET pretext NOUN of SCONJ giving VERB an DET order NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ Nikita PROPN takes VERB his PRON place NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 3 leaves advmod 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 leaves nsubj 3 leaves leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 room det 5 room room NOUN Number=Sing 3 leaves obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 pretext punct 7 under under ADP _ 9 pretext case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 pretext det 9 pretext pretext NOUN Number=Sing 3 leaves conj 10 of of SCONJ _ 11 giving mark 11 giving give VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 pretext acl 12 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 order det 13 order order NOUN Number=Sing 11 giving obj 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 takes punct 15 and and CCONJ _ 17 takes cc 16 Nikita Nikita PROPN Number=Sing 17 takes nsubj 17 takes take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 leaves conj 18 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 place nmod:poss 19 place place NOUN Number=Sing 17 takes obj 20 . . PUNCT _ 3 leaves punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present he the room then vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent room=Theme 2 give gerund the pretext not said here a order vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent order=Theme 3 take present Nikita Nikita's place vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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